Nairobi 24 May - 28 May 1993

Compiled and edited by the INCD Secretariat September 1993

C O N T E N T S

P A R T I
DESERTIFICATION, DROUGHT, AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT

Interrelationships between the global climate system, drought and desertification, including the impact of desertification on climate change and global warming.
Presented by : Professor Robert Balling, Arizona State University, USA.

Desertification and desiccation as a threat to the conservation and utilization of biodiversity.
Presented by : Professor A.M. Imbevbore, Obaferni Awolowo University, Nigeria.

Effects of desertification and dessication on ground and surface hydrological systems, water availability and water quality.
Presented by : Mr. Habib Zebidi, Director, Hydrology Division, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Modern techniques for assessing the global environment, including satellite imagery, remote sensing, and geographic information systems.
Presented by : Dr. Norberto Fernandez, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

P A R T II
CAUSES, GENERAL EXTENT AND PHYSICAL CONSEQUENCES OF LAND DEGRADATION AND ARID, SEMI-ARID AND DRY SUB-HUMID AREAS

Degradation of rainfed agricultural land, irrigated agricultural lands, ranching and traditional pastoral lands, and forest lands
Presented by : Mr. Wim G. Sombroed, Director, Land and Water Development Division & Mr. El Hadji M. Sene, Chief, Sub-Division of Forest Conservation and Natural Resources, Forest Department, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)

Land Degradation resulting from urbanization, industrialization, mining and tourism
Presented by : Mr. Jochan Eigen, Coordinator, Sustainable Cities Progamme, and Mr. Graham Alabaster, Human Settlements Officer, United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (HABITAT)

P A R T III
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DIMENSION

Economic, social and cultural causes and consequences of drought and desertification, including linkages to poverty, population pressure, food security, international trading patterns, traditional mechanisms for coping with drought and desertification, and gender/religion aspects
Presented by : Mr. Nessim Ahmed, Resource Economist, Technical Advisory Division, International Fund for Agriculture Development (IFAD)

Impact of economic policies, including incentives and disincentives to appropriate technologies, particularly land tenure systems and subsidies
Presented by : Mr. Hassan M. Hassan, Senior Environment Specialist, World Bank (WB)

Role of planning systems and instruments, including integration of anti desertification programs rall development programs
Presented by : Mr. Moustapha Soumare, Technical Advisor, United Nations Sudano Sahelian Office (UNSO)

P A R T IV
PATTERNS OF BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL ASSISTANCE

Volume, and quality of different types of financial flows and assistance programmes, including multilateral and bilateral sources, debt repayments and rescheduling, regional and functional breakdowns and the role of special funding mechanisms such as the Global Environment Facility
Presented by : Mrs. Marilyn Yakowitz, Special Advisor, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

Programmes of Non-Governmental Organizations : NGO programmes in Peru, India and Senegal
Presented by : Mr. Juan Paloa Iturregui, Consejo Andino de Manejo Ecológico (CAME), Ms. Vanaja Ramprasad, Third World Network & Mr. Mamdou Lamine Thian, Forum for African Voluntary Development Organizations (FAVDO)

P A R T V
EXPERIENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL, SUB-REGIONAL AND NATIONAL PROGRAMMES TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION AND MITIGATE DROUGHT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Experiences with sub-regional and national programmes to combat desertification and mitigate drought in the Southern African Development Countries (SADC) region
Presented by : Mr. B. Leleka, Office of the Environment and Land Management, Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Experiences with sub-regional and national programmes to combat desertification and mitigate drought in the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) region Presented by : Ms. Fatou Ba, Counsellor, Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS)

Experiences with sub-regional and national programmes to combat desertification and mitigate drought in Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD) region Presented by : Mr. Maina Karaba Abdessalem, Principal Engineer, Ministry of Environment, Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)

Drought Monitoring in the IGADD Region
Presented by : Mr. Njihia, Deputy Director of Meteorological Services

Experience Gained by Technical Cooperation between Burkina Faso, CILLS, and Germany in the field of Natural Resources Management and Desretification Control : Patecore Project in Burkina Faso
Presented by : Dr. Helmut Wöhl, Principal Technical Advisor for Rural Development, GTZ, Germany

Experiences with sub-regional and national programmes to combat desertification and mitigate drought in the Arab Magreb Union (UMA) region
Presented by: Mr. Mustafa Tlili, Advisor to Secretary-General, Arab Magreb Union (UMA)

The Tunisian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by: Mr. Kallala Abdessalem, Principal Engineer, Ministry of Environment and Land Management, Tunisia

The Algerian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Tewfik Abada, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Algeria

The Yemeni experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by: Mr. Mahmoud Shidiwah, Director of DC Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, Yemen

The Saudi experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Dr. Ali S. Altokhais, Head of Delegation, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The Jordanian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by: Mr. Batr W. Al-Qudah, Ministry of Agriculture, Amman, Jordan

The Iraqi Experience in combating desertification and its imapacts
Presented by: Dr. Fadel 'Ali El Faragi, Chief of the Division on Desertification Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Iraq

The Indian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Narayan Singil, India High Commission, Nairobi

The Iranian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Mohamed Reza Djabbari, Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Mongolian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Dr. Tsohiogyn Adyasuren, Director General Environment Science, Monitoring and International Cooperation Department, Ministry for Nature and Environment, Mongolia

The Chinese experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Prof. Zhu Zhenda, Institute of Geography, Institute of Mountain Disaster and Environment and Desert Research, China

The Benin experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : H.E. M. René Valéry Mongbe, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Benin to the United Nations

The Turkmenistan experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Prof. N. Kharin, Deputy Director of Desert Institute, Turkmenistan

The Chilean experience in combating deesertification and its impact
Presented by : Mr. Samuel Franke Campana, Corporaciòn Nacional Forestal, Chile

The Brazilian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Paolo Roberto Franca, Division of Environment, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Brazil

The Mexican experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Manuel Anaya, Secretaria de Desarrollo Social, Mexico

P A R T VI
EXPERIENCES OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

The Australian experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Dr. Geoff Miller, Associate Secretary for Agriculture, Australia

The Icelandic experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Olafur Arnalds, The Agricultural Research Institute of Iceland

The Spanish experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Dr. José L. Rubio, Director, of Desertification Department, Consejo Superior de Inversitgaciones Cientificas, Spain

The American experience in combating desertification and its impacts
Presented by : Mr. Paul Blakeburn, Director, Office of Ecology, Health and Conservation, US State Department, USA

P A R T VII
SOME POSSIBLE ELEMENTS OF A NEW STRATEGY TO PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN COUNTRIES EXPERIENCING DROUGHT AND DESERTIFICATION

Integrated community driven approaches: participation in decision making, freedom of information, education and awarenss, role of NGO's, women and other groups
Presented by : Mr. Gary Howe, Project Controller, Africa Division, Project Management Department, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

New Directions in systematic information collection and analysis for Desertification control
Presented by : Mr. W. Franklin Cardy, Deputy Assistant Executive Director, Desertification Control Programme Activities Centre (DC/PAC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Promising technologies to reverse land degradation: current trends in research, development cooperation
Presented by : Mr. Peter Veit, World Resource Institute

Experimentation and innovation in capacity building
Presented by : Mr. Tijan Jallon, Technical Adviser, United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office (UNSO)

Development of alternative livelihood systems: conservation and utilization of dryland biodiversity, processing of agricultural/pastoral products, infrastructure and other facilities to support new industries and services, migration strategies
Presented by : Mr. Gary Howe, Project Controller, Africa Division, Project Management Department, International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

Alternative energy sources for dryland areas: agroforestry, improved stoves, solar and wind power
Presented by : Mr. Masse Lo, Environnement et Developpement du Tiers Monde (ENDA)