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Highlights •The maximum C content in fine fractions (< 20 μm) was 53 g kg− 1. •C saturation deficit (Csat-def) in fine fractions was the largest for croplands. •Changing management practices in croplands did not fill the C deficit. •Csat-def calculated with cropland data provides more realistic target of C increase. •C content in coarse fractions was independent of…

Highlights •The 4 per 1000 target is equivalent to 3.4 GtC per year over 0–40 cm soil depth. •Soil and forest C sequestration could help early anthropogenic CO2 emissions offset. •Improved agronomic practices result in SOC increases that can exceed 0.4% per year. •A 0.4% top soil C increase can lead to yearly grain yield increases (average: 1.3%). •SOC sequestration…

This study aims to evaluate the link between climate/weather change and farmer migration in Bihar, India. The influence of cognitive conditions and climate-related stress on farmer migration decisions and the socioeconomic characteristics of migrating and non-migrating farm households are analysed. The focus is the role of migration in access to climate and agricultural extension services and the…

Forest degradation is a serious environmental, social and economic problem particularly in developing countries. Yet it is difficult to define and assess. Degradation is viewed and perceived differently by various stakeholders who have different objectives. It is technically and scientifically difficult to define, and its definition can have policy implications, which further complicates…