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Globally, women’s earnings are 24 percent less than men’s. Less than 40 percent of countries provide girls and boys with equal access to education. Many rural women spend up to four hours a day collecting fuel for household use, sometimes travelling 5 to 10 kilometres a day.n developing countries in Africa, and Asia and the Pacific, women typically work 12 to 13 hours per week more…

The region is one of the world’s climate change hotspots. Increasingly unpredictable weather patterns, more frequent droughts and floods and land degradation threaten the livelihoods of a population in which the majorrelies on agriculture for survival. Environmental shocks, insecurity, chronic hunger and malnutrition have a dangerously symbiotic relationship in the Sahel. A spike in armed…

Over 60 experts from organizations, institutions, governments and the private sector, concerned with the implementation of SDG 15 and its target 15.3, aiming at halting and reversing land degradation trends, participated in the meeting (see list of participants below). Opening remarks by the co-organizers offered an overview and framed the discussion for the two-day meeting. A presentation by the…

Migration is making headlines in Europe, and climate change is increasingly acknowledged as a potentially contributing factor to the decision to migrate. Consequently, calls for data on environmental migrants have become prominent. Estimates of 200 million to1 billion people moving due to environmental factors continue to be cited, including in the media. However, those figures are known…

Forced Migration Review (FMR) is the most widely read publication on forced migration – available in English, French, Spanish and Arabic, and free of charge in print and online. It is published by the Refugee Studies Centre in the Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford. Through FMR, authors from around the world analyse the causes and impacts of displacement; debate…

FMR 51 January 2016 Destination: Europe Europe is experiencing the mass movements of displaced people in a way that it has largely been immune from for decades. The manifestations of the ‘migration crisis’ are as disparate as the building of fences to stop people crossing normally peaceful borders, the deaths of people transported by smugglers in unseaworthy boats, EU political leaders…