All publications and documents

The Agricultural Outlook is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. It combines the commodity, policy and country expertise of both organisations with inputs from collaborating member countries and international organisations to provide an annual assessment of medium-term…

Policymakers and land managers around the world are struggling to use our finite land and resource base to increase agricultural production, ensure resilient ecosystems and improve livelihoods. Many are turning to integrated landscape management (ILM) as a framework for inter-sectoral planning and investments to reduce potential trade-offs and realize inherent synergies. ILM approaches are…

This annotated bibliography grew out of background work on understanding drivers of change in gender norms and is now being made publicly available. It is necessarily selective – it does not attempt to include all relevant literature. Rather, we have selected papers that provide a good overview of the issues concerned, or that make important conceptual points grounded in analysis of changing…

Inputs of land for raw material production and fabric manufacturing. Such land use has significant implications for biodiversity—the diversity of Earth’s species, which provide critical services such as pollination, water purification, and climate regulation. Although land use is a major driver of biodiversity loss, there is no easily applicable method for incorporating land use…

Approximately one-third of all food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted. The economic costs of this food wastage are substantial and amount to about USD 1 trillion each year. However, the hidden costs of food wastage extend much further. Food that is produced, but never consumed, still causes environmental impacts to the atmosphere, water, land and biodiversity. These environmental…

In recent years, progress has been made globally in establishing sustainable food production systems aimed at improving food and nutrition security and the judicial use of natural resources. Yet, all of those efforts are in vain when the food produced in those systems is lost or wasted and never consumed. As food wastage increases in parallel with production increases, it becomes…