For Africa, more than any other region of the world, the outcome of these climate negotiations is of vital importance. The reason is simple. While Africa is the region that contributes the least to greenhouse gas emissions, African countries suffer the most from the impact of climate change. From the Sahel to the Horn of Africa, to the south of the continent and the small island nations, African countries are experiencing first-hand the devastating effects of more extreme weather patterns. In West Africa, for instance, where climate
change scenarios suggest an increase in the frequency and intensity of tidal waves and storm surge, a potential sea-level rise of one meter would cause the loss of 18,000 km2 of land, ultimately magnifying the damage to infrastructure and causing the displacement of populations. There is an inextricable link between Africa’s climate and development agendas. For example, we cannot separate agriculture and food security from climate change. A 1.5°C to 2°C increase in temperature by the 2030s and 2040s will lead to a 40 to 80 percent reduction in the area of land suitable for growing maize, millet and sorghum, the main staple foods in Africa. Research also shows strong evidence linking climate change to human conflicts. Unless bold and decisive action is taken, climate variability and change will jeopardize or reverse Africa’s hard-won development achievements and its aspirations for further growth and poverty reduction. Increasingly frequent
droughts, floods, and cyclones threaten to drive Africans into poverty and create inescapable poverty traps. The correlation between climate, economic growth and poverty is well established, won’t disappear, and will only grow stronger.