The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its Fourth Assessment Report, re-emphasized the need for adaptation to address the impacts of climate change on lives and livelihoods across all sectors. The main characteristics of climate change include rising temperatures, changes in rainfall pattern, melting of glaciers and sea ice, sea level rise and an increased intensity and/or frequency of extreme events. These changes in physical processes have impacts on biological and socio-economic factors such as: shifts in crop growing seasons; changes in disease vectors; increased rates of extinction for many species; severe water shortages; and heavy deluges and flooding. Furthermore, rising sea levels will increase the risk of storm surges, inundations and wave damage to coastlines.