The study synthesizes the expected impacts of climate change on agriculture, biodiversity and water resources in rural Latin America and inventories adaptation measures used by 55 projects among 18 countries. It highlights lessons learned, organized by spatial and institutional levels, community resources involved and region. The study also identifies development policies, plans and programmes that may interfere with adaptation efforts and cause undesirable socioeconomic impacts. The study recommends evaluating the costs and benefits of existing efforts in this area.