About 88% of the population is concentrated in the highlands, which constitute less than half of the national territory; here the population density is 141 persons km-2. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood and national income in the country. Over 85% of the population directly depends on it and about half of the GDP is generated from the sector. However, agriculture is small-scale and subsistence oriented, and it is in a very low state of development. As a result, the country has become one of the poorest nations of the world and has often failed to be self-sufficient in food.Land degradation has been a major global issue since the last century because of its adverse impacts on agronomic productivity, the environment, and its effects on food security and the quality of life.