The Climate vulnerability monitor comprises 34 indicators of the economic, human and ecological effects of climate change and the carbon economy. The Monitor presents a new and original analysis, synthesizing the latest research and scientific information on the global impact – including benefits and losses – of climate change and the carbon economy in economic, environmental and health terms. If emissions continue to increase unabated in a business-as-usual fashion (similar to the new IPCC RCP8.5 scenario), yearly average global losses to world output could exceed 10% of global GDP before the end of the century, with damages accelerating throughout the century. The costs of climate change and the carbon economy are already significantly higher than the estimated costs of shifting the world economy to a low-carbon footing – around 0.5% of GDP for the current decade, although increasing for subsequent decades.