G20 diets have a disproportionate impact on our climate and health. Who is leading and what is needed to ensure the necessary greenhouse gas emission cuts are made? Diets for a Better Future demonstrates the leading role G20 countries can and must take to realize the exponential changes required for a healthy and sustainable world. The report explores what a more equitable distribution across a global ‘carbon budget’ for food could look like.

This report by EAT investigates current food consumption patterns and the efficacy of national dietary guidelines in G20 countries compared to the Planetary Health Diet.

Through it, G20 countries are presented with clear opportunities to lead reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and realize the health and related economic benefits of shifting toward more healthy and sustainable diets.

Shifting National Dietary Guidelines

Most food consumption patterns in G20 countries are not aligned with those of a healthy flexitarian diet and most national dietary guidelines (NDGs) are not ambitious enough to bring food systems within planetary boundaries, including limiting global warming to 1.5°C. While countries like China and Indonesia have current consumption patterns aligned with the model necessary to protect health and the planet, maintaining the current patterns there and shifting in all other G20 countries is critical to protecting planet and people. This is important because NDGs are a necessary component of food policy and an essential first step to promoting healthy eating habits in a country often through educational programs or public awareness campaigns. If NDGs lack ambition or are incompatible with the latest science on human health and environmental sustainability, then this could influence national level food policy and individual food consumption. We know a lot about this issue from a global perspective and over the past year several reports have outlined how the global food system needs to transform. This report, however, begins to explore this issue at the country level, with a specific focus on the need for the G20 to lead.

This is one of the first reports to quantify and compare national dietary guidelines and whether they are ambitious enough to achieve the Paris Agreement. We also focus on the G20 and the important leadership role they play in achieving healthy and sustainable diets for everyone on the planet.

This report builds upon a growing body of research pointing to the sweeping benefits of shifting diets. This research has shown that a global shift toward healthier, more sustainable diets will combat climate change and food insecurity (IPCC 2019), improve human health (GNR 2020, FAO et al. 2020) save nearly 11 million lives globally (Willett et al 2019), make national supply chains more resilient to shocks (FAO 2020), reduce the financial risks associated with meat production (FAIRR 2020), reduce the risks of future pandemics (WWF 2020; UNEP and ILRI 2020), and could unleash USD 4.5 trillion in new business opportunities each year, at the same time saving USD 5.7 trillion a year in damage to people and the planet (FOLU 2019).
EAT is the science-based global platform for food system transformation.