The 16 papers in this volume grew out of questions posed by policymakers and 26 scientific papers and 44 posters presented at that 1999 workshop and were developed through an ongoing, multidesciplinary discussion initiated at that time.

This multidisciplinary collaboration has aimed to bridge the gap within science. Landscape-level services arising from maintaining or increasing biodiversity are the most challenging (scientifically) and perhaps the most difficult to discern (practically) among our three themes. But widespread and advanced stages of conversion of natural forests to human dominated landscape mosaics throughout Southeast Asia makes it difficult to avoid some difficult questions.

Table of content:

Theme 1: Smoke pollution

Theme 2: Biodiversity functions

Theme 3: Watershed functions