Across Africa, the threats of desertification and land degradation are always present, especially in the Sahel and the southern edge of the Sahara. Poverty and hunger are a constant prospect. In response, farmers and communities in dryland areas are developing ways to sustainably manage forests, rangelands and other natural resources. A range of projects is supporting farmers in their efforts to prevent desertification and improve their lands. At their heart, these projects aim to improve food security of communities across Africa, by helping them improve food and timber production. The projects also contribute to farmers’ resilience to climate change. And replanting and regeneration of trees also has significant potential for CO2 sequestration and climate change mitigation. There are clearly multiple benefits from these practices.