“The vision being pushed for agriculture [at COP27] is one that tinkers around the edges of an industrial system,” said Shefali Sharma, the director of the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) in Europe, during the event. As a result, she said, they may reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of food by continuing to intensify and consolidate production, but it won’t lead to overall reductions in emissions. “The real test is whether we’re creating systems change toward reducing agriculture’s overall climate footprint,” she said. IATP also published a critical analysis of AIM for Climate and the Sustainable Productivity Growth Coalition, another initiative that will be represented at COP27, that is centered on the same ideas.

Agroecology is especially relevant to this year’s conference given its location: The approach has been adopted by many smallholder farmers in Africa, even as international aid organizations have pushed a different approach, bringing industrial inputs and systems to those farmers.
According to the Food and Land Use Coalition,
• We need USD 300 to 350 billion per year to implement actions needed to transform our food systems (see Figure 2).
• These investments are achievable: Even the top-end estimate is equal to less than 0.5% of the global gross domestic product in 2020.
• Finance is needed to protect and restore nature, adopt regenerative agricultural practices, shift to healthier diets, diversify protein supplies, reduce food loss and waste, and build stronger rural livelihoods and local food systems, among others.
• All of these have strong mitigation benefits and can help to build climate resilience.
• Without climate finance dedicated to food systems actions, we will not be able to meet the 1.5°C (2.7°F) target of the Paris Agreement or build food systems resilience against climate change.
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• Only 4% of finance needs quantified in the NDCs of developing countries are earmarked for implementing food system measures, despite land-based measures in these countries having potential to provide almost one-fifth of global mitigation needed to meet the 1.5°C (2.7°F) target of the Paris Agreement
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• Of the total USD 632 billion in climate finance delivered during 2019–20, USD 509 billion was channelled to mitigation activities in the energy and transport sectors,
• while only 14 billion went to land-use activities and
• the rest was channelled to water, infrastructure, and cross-sectoral activities.
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