Human activities have resulted in unprecedented phenomena and severe impacts for the 21st century such as land degradation, natural resources scarcity, climate change, and a rapid decline in biodiversity. These alterations engender secondary effects such as political conflicts, disputes over resources, social disruptions and sudden shocks of catastrophic weather events which are becoming more frequent in critical regions of the world, particularly in drylands; and exacerbate threats for human, national and international security. Often powerless in the face of the unpredictable, but more often uniformed, the vulnerable populations mostly afflicted by these man-made adversities sometimes have no alternative other than to migrate in search of safety and food security as a survival mechanism or of a better environment to sustain their livelihoods as an adaptation strategy. This resettlement is not an easy process and might be compromised by the receiving area’s willingness to integrate migrants. Understood as a response mechanism towards poverty, the international community has developed an arsenal of strategies to address the manifold indirect root causes of migration, hence mainly oriented toward reducing a population’s poverty and vulnerability. Despite these efforts, migration continues at its initial pace with the depopulation of rural areas increasing while generating congestion in cities; on the other side, developed countries are facing huge flows of illegal immigrants.