The new McKinsey report offers a detailed look at the economic and societal impact of the transition to net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. 
To stabilize the climate and limit physical climate risks, climate science tells us that it is necessary to reduce the addition of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere to net zero (see sidebar “Physical risks will continue to build up until net zero is achieved”).

Seven energy and land-use systems act as direct sources of global emissions.
One system—forestry and other land use—also acts as a natural sink for carbon dioxide (CO2) and would need to increase its rate of emissions absorption.

The systems and their emissions footprints are the following:

# Power, consisting of electricity and heat generation: 30 percent of CO2 emissions and 3 percent of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions

# Industry, consisting of various industrial processes, including production of steel, cement, and chemicals, and extraction and refining of oil, gas, and coal: 30 percent of CO2 emissions, 33 percent of methane emissions, 8 percent of N2O emissions

# Mobility, consisting of road, aviation, rail, maritime, and other forms of transportation: 19 percent of CO2 emissions and 2 percent of N2O emissions

# Buildings, including heating and cooking: 6 percent of CO2 emissions

# Agriculture, consisting of direct on-farm energy use and emissions from agricultural practices and fishing: 1 percent of CO2 emissions, 38 percent of methane emissions, and 79 percent of N2O emissions

# Forestry and other land use, primarily land cover change: 14 percent of CO2 emissions, 5 percent of methane emissions, and 5 percent of N2O emissions

# Waste, consisting of solid waste disposal and treatment, incineration, and wastewater treatment: 23 percent of methane emissions and 3 percent of N2O emissions