Changes in the age distribution of rural communities will bring major changes in farm size and management, and will require very active land and labor markets to accommodate the needed adjustments. Farms in Asia will get larger as aging operators retire and those who remain in farming consolidate holdings. Farm families in land-scarce South Asia will engage even more than at present in mixed livelihoods combining on and off-farm incomes. In Africa south of the Sahara, agriculture will be called upon to absorb waves of young people coming of age in rural areas and seeking rewarding work. Farming can accommodate many new entrants, but only if land markets function much differently than they do at present, and if new technologies, including mechanization, make farming both profitable and attractive