Decision and policy makers at government level do have the lead role in the implementation process of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and for achieving the objectives of the UNCCD Ten- Year Strategy (2008-2018). However, success often depends on the active role of many other national players including parliamentarians.Since the inception of the UNCCD, Parliamentarians have played important role in the activities of the Convention nationally, regionally and at international levels. This publication aims at providing specific information on how Parliamentarians could enhance their actions to support the implementation of the UNCCD. The handbook provides important information on the role of parliamentarians and how they can better support, promote and stimulate adequate actions to implement the UNCCD. The handbook underlines the close relationship between the responsibilities of Parties and those of parliamentarians in the context of the UNCCD. It also explores ways and means for a stronger partnership through the establishment of direct dialogue sessions on the occasion of the UNCCD Conference of the Parties.