Securisarion du foncier pastoral: Les petits pas de modeles qui sont sur le chemin d'ambitions plus grandes
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UNCCD Library
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En Afrique de l'Ouest, les systèmes agricoles et pastoraux ont connu au cours de la période écoulée des reconfigurations importantes, sous l'effet de l'extension du domaine agricole dans les régions des pays sahéliens propices à la culture du coton, ainsi que dans les zones intermédiaires situées entre les bassins cotonniers et la zone sahélienne. L'expansion des cultures a entraîné une modification progressive des relations entre l'agriculture et l'élevage. Si des formes de complémentarités ont été développées, il reste que la cohabitation entre ces deux activités s'est traduite surtout par un accroissement des concurrences autour de l'accès à l'espace au détriment d’une approche intégrée mutuellement avantageuse. Une telle évolution est d'autant plus inévitable que la stratégie adoptée par la plupart des agriculteurs consiste à accroître leurs productions par l'extension des surfaces cultivées, de manière à maximiser la productivité du travail et réduire les risques liés aux aléas. Dans un tel contexte, le recours à la culture attelée diffusée par les sociétés d'encadrement agricole a, dans une certaine mesure, favorisé l'agrandissement des superficies emblavées, grâce au défrichement des réserves foncières. Ainsi, tous les espaces susceptibles de faire l'objet d'une mise en valeur par des productions végétales ont été progressivement transformés en champs, sans considération des usages anciens qui privilégiaient l’utilisation partagée des ressources naturelles, ainsi que la préservation de certains espaces ruraux destinés à servir de zones de pâture pour le bétail.
In West Africa, agricultural and pastoral systems have undergone major reconfigurations during the period under review, as a result of the extension of the agricultural sector in the regions of the Sahelian countries suitable for growing cotton, as well as in the intermediate zones between the cotton basins and the Sahelian zone. The expansion of crops has led to a gradual change in the relationship between agriculture and livestock. While forms of complementarities have been developed, the fact remains that the coexistence of these two activities has mainly resulted in an increase in competition around access to space to the detriment of a mutually beneficial integrated approach. Such an evolution is all the more inevitable because the strategy adopted by most farmers is to increase their production by increasing the area under cultivation, so as to maximize labor productivity and reduce the risks associated with hazards. In such a context, the use of harnessed culture disseminated by agricultural management companies has, to a certain extent, favored the expansion of the areas sown, thanks to the clearing of land reserves. Thus, all the spaces that could be developed by plant productions have been progressively transformed into fields, without considering ancient uses that favor the shared use of natural resources, as well as the preservation of certain spaces. rural areas to serve as pasture areas for livestock.
In West Africa, agricultural and pastoral systems have undergone major reconfigurations during the period under review, as a result of the extension of the agricultural sector in the regions of the Sahelian countries suitable for growing cotton, as well as in the intermediate zones between the cotton basins and the Sahelian zone. The expansion of crops has led to a gradual change in the relationship between agriculture and livestock. While forms of complementarities have been developed, the fact remains that the coexistence of these two activities has mainly resulted in an increase in competition around access to space to the detriment of a mutually beneficial integrated approach. Such an evolution is all the more inevitable because the strategy adopted by most farmers is to increase their production by increasing the area under cultivation, so as to maximize labor productivity and reduce the risks associated with hazards. In such a context, the use of harnessed culture disseminated by agricultural management companies has, to a certain extent, favored the expansion of the areas sown, thanks to the clearing of land reserves. Thus, all the spaces that could be developed by plant productions have been progressively transformed into fields, without considering ancient uses that favor the shared use of natural resources, as well as the preservation of certain spaces. rural areas to serve as pasture areas for livestock.
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