Four principal goals have been identified that can be addressed by nature-based solutions:
 Enhancing sustainable urbanisation through nature-based solutions can stimulate
economic growth as well as improving the environment, making cities more attractive, and
enhancing human well-being.
 Restoring degraded ecosystems using nature-based solutions can improve the
resilience of ecosystems, enabling them to deliver vital ecosystem services and also to
meet other societal challenges.
 Developing climate change adaptation and mitigation using nature-based solutions
can provide more resilient responses and enhance the storage of carbon.
 Improving risk management and resilience using nature-based solutions can lead to
greater benefits than conventional methods and offer synergies in reducing multiple risks.
Based on the four goals, seven nature-based solutions for R&I actions are recommended to be
taken forward by the European Commission and Member States:
 Urban regeneration through nature-based solutions
 Nature-based solutions for improving well-being in urban areas
 Establishing nature-based solutions for coastal resilience
 Multi-functional nature-based watershed management and ecosystem restoration
 Nature-based solutions for increasing the sustainability of the use of matter and energy
 Nature-based solutions for enhancing the insurance value of ecosystems
 Increasing carbon sequestration through nature-based solutions
This report was produced by the Horizon 2020 Expert Group on 'Nature-Based Solutions and Re- Naturing Cities', informed by the findings of an e-consultation and a stakeholder workshop.