This book is timely as it addresses the role of trees in enhancing the resilience of livelihoods and economies in the drylands of Eastern Africa. The region faces severe and complex challenges including recurrent drought and flash floods that progressively erode livelihoods in pastoral, agro-pastoral and agricultural communities. High poverty levels aggravate the impact of these natural hazards, increase vulnerability and weaken people’s ability to cope and recover. The need to develop appropriate adaptation measures to enhance resilience and enable communities’ cope with impacts and increased risks of climate change has become a priority.