Wetlands are among the world’s most productive and valuable ecosystems and are an integral part of many ecosystems. This book attempts to raise awareness on the relevance of wetland systems and their current impacts and existency threats in different regions of the world. It aims at describing the status, challenges and loss of wetlands related to conflicts between anthropic activities and natural ecosystem services fundamental for people’s livelihoods. It compiles 14 case studies from different regions in the world and wetlands typologies, including terrestrial, riverine, estuaries, marine coastal wetlands but also island wetlands.