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媒体通告--2024 年荒漠化和干旱日  领导人和青年变革者齐聚波恩  纪念《联合国土地公约》30 周年  由德国政府主办的 2024 年荒漠化和干旱日全球纪念活动将于 2024 年 6 月 17 日在波恩举行。这次活动还将纪念《联合国防治荒漠化公约》（UNCCD）30 周年，该公约是与气候和生物多样性并称为里约三公约的三项全球协定之一。    与来自政府、学术界和民间社会的领导人一起，为土地管理而团结起来。今年的口号是 "为土地而团结：我们的遗产 我们的未来 "的口号，本次活动将重点关注确保子孙后代拥有健康的土地，推动全球繁荣与稳定。   认识来自世界各地的年轻变革者，他们致力于恢复土地、提高抗旱能力、发展可持续农业企业，以及利用技术和创新应对全球环境挑战。   活动详情  2024 年 6 月 17 日，欧洲中部时间 14:30 - 17:00，德意志联邦共和国艺术和展览馆（Bundeskunsthalle），波恩，德国  议程：会议详细信息请参见所附议程。  如需亲临现场，请参阅此链接，并在 "媒体 "类别下注册。如需在线旁听，可点击此处观看现场直播。  这项活动为何重要  土地退化影响着全球多达 40% 的土地面积，导致每年损失 1 亿公顷的健康土地，相当于埃及的面积。自 2000 年以来，干旱的发生率上升了 29%，这不仅是气候变化造成的，也是我们管理土地的方式造成的。  荒漠化、土地退化和干旱威胁着世界粮食供应，增加了干旱、洪水和野火的风险，是冲突和被迫迁徙的主要驱动因素。   全世界农村青年（7.78 亿）中有四分之一（1.87 亿）生活在农业和贸易潜力最大的地区。这是一个有针对性发展的重要领域。   对土地恢复的投资可产生可观的经济回报，每投资 1 美元，就可获得高达 30 美元的收益。让青年参与粮食系统转型和土地恢复，有助于创造到 2030 年估计需要的 6 亿个工作岗位。  记者的参与机会：  聚焦青年：强调青年领袖和创新者在转变土地管理做法中的作用，介绍新一届《联合国防治荒漠化公约》土地英雄简介（附后），介绍《联合国防治荒漠化公约》青年参与战略，启动《联合国防治荒漠化公约》青年谈判者计划。  政策重点： 强调《公约》历史上的里程碑，分享对即将于 2024 年 12 月 2-13 日在沙特阿拉伯利雅得举行的《联合国防治荒漠化公约》缔约方大会第十六届会议谈判的相关见解。  有关当天活动的更多信息，请点击此处  如需获取社交媒体资产和其他视觉资料，请点击此处  有关媒体咨询和采访要求，请联系press@unccd.int   

Experts share key success factors in reducing vulnerability to drought Drought is a hazard, but it needn’t be a disaster. That is, provided all communities are adequately equipped before it strikes. At the 10th World Water Forum, held in Bali from 18 to 25 May, experts urged decision-makers to prioritize drought resilience in the face of climate change, drawing inspiration from success cases around the globe. Representatives from the scientific, non-profit, and technical sectors made the case for building resilience to the world’s costliest and deadliest hazard at an event featuring partners of the International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA.) The session took place at the Spanish Pavilion under the auspices of the General Directorate for Water of Spain and the UNCCD. The experts convened as the need to bridge science and policy for drought risk management is becoming more apparent: global warming is ushering in a new era of rapid-onset, or flash, droughts, just as the global freshwater demand is set to outstrip supply by 40% by 2030, putting societies, economies, and ecosystems on the line. These are the key takeaways from the conversation: California to East Africa “Drought and desertification are not just problems for the Sahel region of Africa and for developing countries,” said UNCCD policy officer Daniel Tsegai before an international audience. “We already see impacts in highly productive and populated parts of the developed world like California, Spain, and Australia.” In the past two decades, the Colorado river basin (US), which is home to 40 million people, has been experiencing the worst drought in 1,200 years; Australia, has recently grappled with the harshest drought in 800 years; in the Horn of Africa, the worst event in 40 years has left 23 million people severely food-insecure, and Spain has seen the water level of some dams drop to 1% of their capacity. “The good news is that investments in drought resilience have an up to tenfold return, and we know what it takes to decouple the severity of a drought from its most serious impacts on lives and livelihoods,” explained Tsegai. Unconventional water resources For thousands of years, mobile pastoralism has been a prime survival strategy in the Arabian Peninsula, one of the most arid regions in the world. However, urbanization, population growth, and lifestyle changes have brought new challenges —and are spawning new solutions. “We are looking to expand sewage water treatment and desalination, for example, to irrigate crops, and we are also keen on further building local capacity on sustainable land and water management,” said Omar Ouda, senior water management advisor at the Ministry of Water, Environment and Agriculture of Saudi Arabia. The country will host the largest-ever UN land and drought summit, or UNCCD COP16, from 2-13 December. Spain, in the Mediterranean basin, has more than 700 desalination plants, including the largest in Europe for drinking water, which is now catering to more than 4.,5 million people in the drought-struck Barcelona area. The amount of energy required to desalinate water, though, remains a key consideration when opting for this tool. “We make decisions based on indicators like dam water levels,” said water commissioner at the Júcar River Basin Authority in Spain Marc Garcia, who noted the importance of adopting a proactive approach to drought management. “On the basis of such information, authorities assess options like intensifying desalination, decommissioning wells and, if necessary, restricting water use in certain basins.” Nature-based solutions While technology and grey infrastructure can contribute to building resilience, nature-based solutions and sustainable land and water management remain central to mitigating, and adapting to, future droughts, according to several panellists. Land degradation, for example, disrupts regional rainfall patterns by disrupting the amount of water that regularly moves from the earth to the air. Conversely, healthy lands support consistent seasonal and annual rainfall; facilitate aquifer recharge; and mitigate the risk of droughts and floods. “Nature can be a big part of the solution,” said the Director of Water Scarcity and Markets at The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Tom Iseman. “For instance, it is essential we protect source watersheds, keeping their storage capacity intact, slowing runoff, and protecting water quality,” said the expert of TNC, which is engaged in source water protection initiatives across Africa. Success factors for water governance The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) is helping communities conserve and use water more efficiently, based on the latest scientific insights and innovations —from drought-tolerant seeds and improved irrigation methods to remote sensing technologies to explore new water resources. They also support policy-makers in creating drought policies across Africa and Asia. “To define drought policies, it ideally needs to be raining outside because it takes time to put them together,” said IWMI deputy director general Rachael McDonnell, and explained they involve the ministries of health, environment, agriculture, economy, infrastructure, and finance, as well as statistical and meteorological agencies. The process must engage all governance levels, from national institutions to local administrations and communities, she said, and make sure crucial data is available to all of them —a consideration they keep front and centre as they support the creation of early warning systems in countries like Zambia, Morocco, Jordan, and Lebanon. For director general of the US National Drought Mitigation Centre at the University of Nebraska, Mark Svoboda, another key is involving users in the co-design of information systems and tools to build ownership in the long run. From his experience in southern Africa, countries that successfully appropriate and put to use drought early warning systems create a ripple effect. “They generate positive peer pressure: neighboring countries want to understand how to do what they do, so building trust now takes one year, instead of eight,” said Svoboda. “It all starts with political will, and showing tangible results is the best way to get buy-in from decision-makers.” Drought communications In the lead up to major international events like UNCCD COP16 and Drought+10, participants called on the Alliance to get the word out on the urgency of building drought resilience. “Drought is a major threat multiplier, but it is too often lost to audiences, overshadowed by geopolitics and other conflicts,” said McDonnell from IWMI. Executive secretary and CEO of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) Alan AtKisson echoed the need to boost communications on drought at all levels, from the public and affected communities to political leaders and the finance sector: “We need to talk much more about drought resilience, and we need investors to understand how drought can impact their value chains going forward,” said AtKisson. “Tropical storms get the headlines, but the hazard that destroys most economic value on our planet is drought.”

The Great Green Wall Observatory, a digital platform that will help track progress of Africa's largest land restoration initiative, was unveiled on 27-29 May following the meeting of 11 participating countries in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The Observatory was developed by the Great Green Wall Accelerator, hosted by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) as part of its supporting role to the Pan African Agency for the Great Green Wall (PAGGW) and other partners.   The Great Green Wall is an ambitious and transformative Initiative launched by the African Union in 2007 to combat land degradation, desertification, and the negative impacts of climate change in the Sahel region of Africa.   Across the African continent, degrading land jeopardizes farmers' livelihoods and shapes economies heavily reliant on agriculture, compromising public health and education, while also destabilizing regional and global trade, and being a major driver of conflicts and forced migration.   Restoring land is essential for safeguarding ecosystems, driving economic growth, mitigating natural disasters, and enhancing land productivity and food supplies. This is of particular importance in the Sahel, where political and security challenges make progress a matter of urgency. Success in this region offers a model for other areas facing similar challenges, demonstrating that humanity can overcome adversity and promote sustainable development.  The Great Green Wall Accelerator, established in 2021 and hosted by the UNCCD Global Mechanism, was created to strengthen the monitoring of the Initiative's funding and results. The Accelerator has played a pivotal role in enhancing governance, fundraising efforts, and stakeholder engagement across the Initiative.  While ‘commendable progress’ has been made in land restoration and job creation, overcoming challenges in governance, finance and technical support remains critical. Stakeholders are calling for greater clarity and data on progress.   The Great Green Wall Observatory, funded by the Government of Austria through the Austrian Development Agency, is a direct response to this need for the national agencies and the Pan African Agency. Through its creation, UNCCD has supported the development of a comprehensive map of available funds and projects to facilitate access to financial resources.   "The Great Green Wall Observatory, which we have just launched, is a product that we appreciate very much because it has been produced in a very participatory way and it meets the existing needs by allowing us to assess the status of funding and progress in our respective countries.” said Pananditigri Nabasnogo Roch, National Coordinator of Burkina Faso's Great Green Wall for the Sahara and Sahel Initiative.   These data are, for the first time, available online – thus helping ensure transparency and accountability in the implementation of the Great Green Wall Initiative.  “The Great Green Wall remains the beacon of hope for Africa and the world, symbolizing humanity's ability to combat environmental degradation. We call on all stakeholders, partners, and communities to continue their commitment in support of this visionary initiative. Data remains a critical asset to the success of this initiative, and we call on all stakeholders to make use of the Great Green Wall Observatory to contribute relevant data to help accelerate progress,” said UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw.   It is important to note that the UNCCD does not provide funding nor implement the Great Green Wall Initiative. Instead, the UNCCD provides critical technical support, encourages private sector participation, and promotes the involvement of civil society and research institutions through national Great Green Wall coalitions.   “Through these actions, the UNCCD aims to support the Great Green Wall Initiative countries and partners in achieving its long-term goals and create a sustainable, resilient future for the people of the Sahel and beyond,” added Thiaw.  About the Great Green Wall Initiative   The Great Green Wall is an African-led movement launched in 2007 by leaders from the Sahelian countries, with an epic ambition to grow an 8,000 km natural wonder of the world across the entire width of Africa. Countries of the initiative include Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan and Chad.  The Initiative aims to regreen the Sahel, restoring degraded lands and providing decent livelihoods as well as jobs and opportunities for millions of people in Africa. It snakes all the way from Senegal in the West to Djibouti in the East. The Great Green Wall aims to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land, sequester 250 million tons of carbon and create 10 million green jobs by 2030.  About the Great Green Wall Accelerator   In 2021, the Great Green Wall Accelerator, hosted by the Global Mechanism of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) was created to monitor funding and results of the GGW Initiative.  The independent review of the Great Green Wall Accelerator is available here.  About the Great Green Wall Observatory  In 2023, Development Gateway, an IREX Venture (DG), was contracted by the UNCCD to develop and roll out the platform as a monitoring evaluation system to inform local, national, and regional programming.   For more information - https://ggwobservatory.org/en  

Kigali, Rwanda, 24 May 2024. On the occasion of the Global conference on decent jobs for youth, the secretariat of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) joins the United Nations Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth, committing to fostering youth engagement in the implementation of the Convention. “UNCCD strives to realize a future where youth and youth organizations have a strong voice in decision-making on land use, and are recognized as vital actors in combatting desertification, land degradation and drought. With this commitment, UNCCD aims to create a new generation of “landpreneurs” inspired to build a more equitable and sustainable future based on meaningful jobs and careers that restore a healthy relationship with nature,” said UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), involving youth in transforming food systems and land restoration activities can contribute to the creation of the estimated 600 million jobs required over the next 15 years to meet youth employment needs.[1] Decent Jobs for Youth was launched in 2016 as a joint effort of the United Nations system to address the youth employment challenge, which is a central element of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It is a global multi-stakeholder initiative that brings together governments, social partners, the private sector, youth, and civil society organizations, among others. The UNCCD commitment will foster participation and partnerships, capacity building and networking to empower them to pursue meaningful and sustainable careers in sustainable land and water management. The first opportunity to do so will be this year’s Desertification and Drought Day, 17 June 2024, which focuses on intergenerational land stewardship under the theme of “United for Land. Our Legacy. Our Future.” The event will also mark the launch of the first UNCCD Youth Engagement Strategy, emphasizing the importance of youth voices at the negotiating table. About UNCCD  The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the global vision and voice for land. We unite governments, scientists, policymakers, private sector and communities around a shared vision and global action to restore and manage the world’s land for the sustainability of humanity and the planet. Much more than an international treaty signed by 197 parties, UNCCD is a multilateral commitment to mitigating today’s impacts of land degradation and advancing tomorrow’s land stewardship in order to provide food, water, shelter and economic opportunity to all people in an equitable and inclusive manner. https://www.unccd.int/   For more information, please contact: Media office: press@unccd.int Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth, ILO | decentjobsforyouth@ilo.org   [1] International Labour Organization. 2022. Investing in Transforming Futures for Young People X Global Employment Trends for Youth 2022.

UNCCD COP16 host raises water resilience issues on the global agenda Bonn/Riyadh, 23 May 2024—The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the latest country to formally join the International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA), the global coalition mobilizing political, technical, and financial capital to prepare the world for harsher droughts. This addition brings the total membership of IDRA to 37 countries and 28 intergovernmental and research organizations, reflecting a growing commitment to address droughts in the face of climate change and unsustainable land management. Launched at UN Climate Summit COP27 by the leaders of Spain and Senegal, IDRA rallies world leaders against one of the world’s most deadly and costly natural disasters, acknowledging that we are only as resilient to drought and climate change as our land is. The IDRA secretariat is hosted by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Eng. Abdulrahman Abdulmohsen Al Fadley, Saudi Minister of Environment, Water and Agriculture, said: “We see IDRA as an opportunity to protect our societies and economies in the face of drought.  As hosts of the largest-ever UN conference on land and drought this December, one of our priorities is to further the countries commitment to a drought-resilient future.” His Excellency Minister Al Fadley emphasized that Saudi Arabia's hosting of COP 16 reflects the commitment of its leadership to environmental protection at the national, regional, and international levels, and adds to pioneering efforts  like the Saudi Green Initiative and the Middle East Green Initiative. Al Fadley also highlighted the urgent need to build drought resilience globally, while combating land degradation and desertification to counter their environmental, economic, and social impacts. He expressed hope that the Alliance would foster effective collective action and intensify global efforts to address these issues, ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources for future generations. One-quarter of the world’s population is already affected by drought, and three out of four people are projected to face water scarcity by 2050. In the Middle East and North Africa, 100 percent of the population will live with extremely high water stress by 2050. Third Vice-President of the Government of Spain, Minister for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge and IDRA Co-Chair Ms. Teresa Ribera encouraged more countries to follow in the steps of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, noting that drought resilience yields returns of up to ten times the initial investment: “The Alliance is as strong as the knowledge, experiences, and networks contributed by its members. I invite world leaders to join IDRA to transform the way humanity tackles drought, building our collective defenses before crises strike.” UNCCD Executive Secretary Mr. Ibrahim Thiaw concluded: “Droughts are a natural phenomenon, but we are turbo-charging them by degrading our lands and disrupting the climate. In the lead up the UNCCD COP16, I urge countries to raise their ambitions for healthy lands and drought-resilient societies and economies.” A watershed year for land and drought UNCCD COP16, taking place in Riyadh from 2-13 December, will be the largest-ever meeting of UNCCD’s 197 Parties, the first to be held in the Middle East region, and the largest multilateral conference ever hosted by Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom will also host the 2024 World Environment Day global celebrations with a focus on land restoration, desertification, and drought resilience. On 17 June 2024, Desertification and Drought Day will mark the 30th anniversary of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), one of the three Rio Conventions alongside climate and biodiversity. *** Notes to editors For interviews and enquires please contact: press@unccd.int. X / Instagram: @unccd  About IDRA The International Drought Resilience Alliance (IDRA) is the first global coalition creating political momentum and mobilizing financial and technical resources for a drought-resilient future. As a growing platform of more than 30 countries and 20 institutions, IDRA draws on the collective strengths of its members to advance policies, actions, and capacity-building for drought preparedness, acknowledging we are only as resilient to drought and climate change as our land is. The work of IDRA is aligned with, and supportive of, the mandate of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), which hosts the IDRA Secretariat. For more information: https://idralliance.global. About UNCCD The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) is the global vision and voice for land. We unite governments, scientists, policymakers, private sector and communities around a shared vision and global action to restore and manage the world’s land for the sustainability of humanity and the planet. Much more than an international treaty signed by 197 parties, UNCCD is a multilateral commitment to mitigating today’s impacts of land degradation and advancing tomorrow’s land stewardship in order to provide food, water, shelter and economic opportunity to all people in an equitable and inclusive manner. https://www.unccd.int

牧场占全部土地的 54%，多达 50%的牧场已经退化、 危及人类 1/6 的食物供应和地球 1/3 的碳库 《联合国防治荒漠化公约》报告 为恢复和更好地管理牧场指明了方向并敦促保护畜牧业 波恩/乌兰巴托—联合国在今天发布的一份报告中严厉警告道，由于被过度使用和滥用、以及气候变化和生物多样性的丧失，地球上广阔无垠的天然牧场和其他牧场正在退化，对人类的粮食供应和数十亿人的福祉甚或生存构成严重威胁。 《联合国防治荒漠化公约》（UNCCD）在蒙古乌兰巴托发布的《全球牧场和牧民土地展望专题报告》的作者称，多达50%的牧场已经退化。 牧场退化的症状包括土壤肥力和养分下降、侵蚀、盐碱化、土壤板结抑制植物生长。所有这些都会导致干旱、降水波动以及地上地下生物多样性的丧失。 造成这一问题的主要原因是：人口增长和城市扩张、粮食、纤维和燃料需求的快速增长、过度放牧、弃牧（牧民不再维持放牧）以及鼓励过度开发的政策，导致牧场转为耕地和其他土地用途的变化。 什么是牧场 （rangeland）？ 地球陆地植被中的牧场类别主要包括牲畜和野生动物用于放牧和觅食的天然草地。 牧场类别还包括热带草原、灌木林、湿地、苔原和沙漠。  这些土地加在一起占所有土地覆盖面积的 54%，占全球粮食产量的六分之一，并占地球碳库的近三分之一。 “当我们砍伐森林时，当我们看到一棵百年老树倒下时，理所当然地会引起我们许多人的情绪反应。而另一方面，对古老牧场的改造则是在 ‘无声’中进行的，很少引起公众的反应，” UNCCD执行秘书易卜拉欣-蒂亚乌（Ibrahim Thiaw）说。 “可悲的是，这些广袤的土地以及赖以生存的牧民和牲畜饲养者通常没有得到足够的重视，” 蒂亚乌先生补充道: “尽管全球估计有 5 亿人，但牧民社区经常被忽视，在直接影响其生计的决策中缺乏发言权，被边缘化，甚至经常被视为自己土地上的局外人。” 蒙古环境部长巴特-埃尔代内-巴特-乌尔齐（Bat-Erdene Bat-Ulzii）阁下说：“作为欧亚大陆最大草原的守护者，蒙古在改造牧场时一直非常谨慎。蒙古的传统建立在对资源限制的认识之上，把流动性作为战略，确立了对土地的共同责任，并限制对土地的消耗。我们希望本报告有助于人们关注牧场及其在文化、环境和经济方面的巨大价值。如果这些牧场无法养活如此庞大的人口，他们还能有什么其他出路？” 蒙古将于 2026 年主办《联合国防治荒漠化公约》缔约方大会第十七届会议，这是联合国大会根据蒙古的倡议宣布的 “国际牧场和牧民年”（IYRP）。 全世界有 20 亿人依赖于健康的牧场，他们是小规模牧民、牧场主和农民，通常处于贫困和边缘化状态。 事实上，在许多西非国家，80% 的人口从事畜牧业生产。在中亚和蒙古，60% 的土地被用作牧场，畜牧业养活了该地区近三分之一的人口。 报告强调，具有讽刺意味的是在大多数干旱地区，为了提高粮食安全和生产率，把牧场转变为耕作土地的做法，反而导致了土地退化和农业产量的减少。 报告指出，“治理薄弱且效率低下”、“政策和法规执行不力”以及 “缺乏对牧场社区和可持续生产模式的投资”是破坏牧场的原因。 创新方法 这份报告由来自四十多个国家的六十多位专家共同撰写，他们一致认为，过去对全球退化草场的程度估计约为25%，这一数字“严重低估了草场的健康状况和生产力实际的损失”，而实际的损失可能高达50%。 报告警告称，人们往往对牧场知之甚少，由于缺乏可靠数据，而难以实现对牧场在粮食供应和气候调节方面的巨大价值的可持续性管理。 报告详细介绍了一种创新的概念方法，该方法将使决策者能够稳定、恢复和管理牧场。  新方法以世界各地区的案例研究为基础，从牧场管理的成功和失误中汲取了重要的经验教训。 核心建议：保护畜牧业，这种可追溯到几千年前的流动生活方式，核心是以牧场为基础生产绵羊、山羊、牛、马、骆驼、牦牛、骆马或其他驯化的食草动物，以及野牛和驯鹿等半驯化物种。  蒂亚乌先生说：“从热带到北极，畜牧业都是一种理想的默认选择，通常也是最可持续的选择，应将其纳入牧场使用规划”。 许多国家的经济引擎 牧场是许多国家的重要经济引擎，也是各种文化的基础。世界上四分之一的语言都在牧场上被使用，牧场也是众多世界遗产的所在地，数千年来塑造了牧民的价值体系、风俗习惯和身份认同。 报告包括对各个国家和地区的详细分析。 例如，畜牧业生产占埃塞俄比亚国内生产总值的 19%，占印度国内生产总值的 4%。巴西的牛肉产量占世界总产量的 16%，其农业综合企业 GDP 三分之一来自畜牧业。 在欧洲，许多牧场已让位于城市化、植树造林和可再生能源生产。 在美国，大片草原被改种农作物，而加拿大的一些草原则因大规模采矿和基础设施项目而变得脆弱。  但也有许多积极的方面，例如，两国都在加大力度重新引进野牛--一种对土著人民具有重要文化意义的动物--以促进牧场健康和粮食安全。 世界上受牧场退化影响最严重的地区（降序排列）： 中亚、中国、蒙古 私有化和农业产业化取代了政府的管理和监督，导致牧民被遗弃，赖以生存的自然资源匮乏，造成了普遍的退化。 传统畜牧业和以社区为基础的畜牧业正在逐步恢复，推动可持续牧场管理取得重大进展。 北非和近东 气候变化对世界上最干旱的地区之一的影响正在使牧民陷入贫困，并使他们赖以生存的牧场退化。 通过更新传统制度（如阿格达尔Agdals——一种紧急情况中用于喂养牲畜、可以实现资源再生的饲料库）以及初具雏形的支持性政策，牧场管理方式正在得到改善。 萨赫勒和西非 冲突、权力平衡和边界问题阻碍了牲畜的流动，导致牧场退化。 统一政策的制订、对牧民权利的承认以及跨境协议的达成正在重新确立畜牧民的流动性，这对景观恢复至关重要。 南美洲 气候变化、与农业工业化和采掘活动相关的森林砍伐以及土地用途转换是南美洲牧场退化的主要驱动因素。 世界上一些最有趣的牧场包括潘帕、塞拉多和卡廷加草原以及普诺安第斯系统，恢复这些牧场的关键是确保牧民系统的多功能性和多样性。 东非 对土地的竞争性使用（如狩猎、旅游等）造成的迁移和被迫流离失所将牧民从其传统土地上驱逐出去，带来的土地退化后果是始料未及的。 妇女主导的倡议和土地权利的加强正在发挥保障牧民生计、保护生物多样性以及维护牧场提供的生态系统服务的作用。 北美 古老草原和干旱牧场的退化威胁着北美标志性生态系统（如高草草原或南部沙漠）的生物多样性。 将原住民纳入牧场治理是帮助恢复这些历史景观迈出的明确步骤。 欧洲 有利于工业化耕作而非畜牧业的政策和错误的激励措施正在导致牧场和其他开放生态系统被遗弃和退化。 政治和经济支持，包括法律认可和差异化对待，可以扭转局势，帮助应对诸如野火频发和烈度增加、气候变化之类的严峻环境危机。 南非和澳大利亚 植树造林、采矿以及将牧场转为其他用途正在导致牧场退化和丧失。 生产者和研究人员共同创造知识，尊重和利用土著社区的传统智慧，为恢复和保护牧场开辟了新的道路。 范式转变 报告总结道，要遏制这种恶化趋势，必须在从基层到全球的各个层面转变管理模式。 该报告的主要作者佩德罗-玛丽亚-埃雷拉-卡尔沃（Pedro Maria Herrera Calvo）说：”负责任的牧场治理关键是所有利益相关者切实参与其中，才能促进集体行动，改善土地使用权，并将传统知识和实用技能融为一体”。 实现 “土地退化零增长”（可持续发展目标 15.3）—— 平衡健康土地的数量和质量，以支持生态系统服务和粮食安全——也需要跨境合作。  报告指出，牧民世世代代在实现与这些生态系统平衡相处方面积累了丰富的经验，他们应该在从规划到决策再到治理的每一个步骤中为这一进程提供帮助。  正如我们在从西非、印度或南美观察到的，干旱到半湿润环境条件下牧场的情况千差万别，因此解决方案必须适合各牧场的具体特点和动态变化。 报告指出，传统的评估方法往往低估了牧场和畜牧业的实际经济贡献，凸显了采用所建议的创新方法的必要性。 主要建议包括 将减缓和适应气候变化战略与可持续牧场管理计划相结合，以增加碳固存和储存，同时提高牧民和牧场社区的复原力 避免或减少牧场转换和其他土地使用变更，特别是在土著和公用土地上的变更， 以免削弱牧场的多样性和多功能性 在保护区内外设计和采取牧场保护措施，支持地上和地下的生物多样性，同时促进大面积畜牧生产系统的健康、生产力和恢复力 采用并支持以牧业为基础的战略和做法，帮助减轻对牧场健康的危害，如气候变化、过度放牧、水土流失、入侵物种、干旱和野火等 促进支持性政策、人民的充分参与以及灵活的管理和治理制度，以提高牧场和牧民为整个社会提供的服务。 其他重要数据 8,000 万平方公里：牧场覆盖的世界陆地面积（超过 54%） 950 万平方公里：全球受保护牧场（12%） 6,700 万平方公里（占地球陆地面积的 45%）：用于畜牧生产系统的牧场面积（占牧场面积的 84%），其中近一半位于旱地。  畜牧业为发展中国家生活在贫困线以下的 12 亿人口中的大多数人提供粮食安全并创造收入。 10亿：100多个国家的牲畜由牧民饲养，养活了2亿个家庭，同时提供了约10%的世界肉类供应以及乳制品、羊毛和皮革制品 33%：全球生物多样性热点位于牧场 24%：牧场语言占世界语言的比例 五千年前：撒哈拉以南非洲的畜牧业首次成为土地使用系统的时间 地区事实与数据 超过 25%和 10%：拉丁美洲养牛业提供的牛肉和牛奶分别占世界总量的 25%和 10%以上。 超过 25%：布基纳法索、马里、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔和乍得的国内生产总值归功于畜牧业生产 50%以上：中东和北非地区为退化的土地（占可耕地的 25%）  60%：中亚和蒙古的牧场面积，畜牧业养活了该地区近三分之一的人口  40%：中国牧区面积(值得注意的是，从 1980 年到 2010 年，中国的牲畜数量增加了两倍，达到 4.41 亿头)。 3.08 亿公顷：美国毗连地区的牧场覆盖面积，占全国土地总面积的 31%，其中约 55% 的牧场为私人所有 补充意见 “动物饲草地供需失衡导致过度放牧、物种入侵、干旱和野火风险增加，所有这些都加速了全球荒漠化和土地退化的趋势”。 “我们必须将共同愿望转化为具体行动——停止不加区分地将牧场转化为不适当的土地用途，倡导可持续性土地管理政策，对相关研究进行投入以增进我们对牧场和畜牧业的了解，加强牧民社区的能力以维护其可持续性做法，同时掌握新的工具在不断变化的世界中实现繁荣发展，并支持所有利益攸关方，特别是牧民，实施有效措施阻止土地进一步退化，从而捍卫我们的土地、我们的社区和我们的文化”。 -玛丽亚姆-尼亚米尔-富勒    (Maryam Niamir-Fuller)，联合国 2026 国际牧场和牧民年国际支持小组联合主席 “为了子孙后代和经济稳定，我们需要加强大众对牧场巨大价值的认识和保护。由于牧场的动态性质，预测牧场退化对经济、生态和社会造成的后果具有挑战性。管理者需要权威的见解来了解牧场对不同干扰和管理方法的反应，包括更好地捕捉牧场广泛社会重要性的政策工具。” -           卡洛斯-曼努埃尔-罗德里格斯(Carlos Manuel Rodríguez)，全球环境基金首席执行官兼主席 “世界陆地面积的一半以上是牧场——然而这些土地以及居住和管理这些土地的人们在很大程度上被忽视了。牧场是人类食物和饲料的主要来源地，但同时也成了世界经济的‘垃圾场’。  现在是将观念从‘牧场问题’转变为‘可持续的牧场解决方案’的时候了”。 -           联合国国际牧场和牧民年（IYRP）工作组 “牧民在世界上最恶劣的环境中生产粮食，牧业生产支撑着全球近一半土地上农村人口的生计。牧民历来被误解，被边缘化，并被排斥在对话之外。我们需要把牧民和与他们合作的主要行动者聚集在一起，携手合作， 创造对话和牧民发展的协同效应”。 -               联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO） * * * * * 关于《联合国防治荒漠化公约》 《联合国防治荒漠化公约》（UNCCD）是一项关于良好土地管理的国际协定。它通过确保土地使用者享有可持续土地管理的有利环境，帮助人民、社区和国家创造财富、发展经济，并确保充足的粮食、清洁水和能源。通过合作伙伴关系，《公约》的 197 个缔约方建立了强大的系统，以便及时有效地管理干旱。以健全的政策和科学为基础的良好土地管理有助于整合和加速实现可持续发展目标，增强抵御气候变化的能力，并防止生物多样性的丧失。 https://www.unccd.int 关于国际牧场和牧民年 在蒙古的倡议下，联合国大会将2026年定为 “国际牧场和牧民年”（IYRP 2026），以加强牧场管理，改善牧民生活。这一宣言呼吁联合国会员国对可持续牧场管理进行投入，恢复退化的土地，改善牧民的市场准入，加强畜牧业推广服务，填补牧场和牧业方面的知识空白。2026 年国际国际牧场和牧民年将与蒙古主办的《联合国防治荒漠化公约》第十七届缔约方会议同期举行。 https://www.iyrp.info 媒体联系方式 联系人：Fragkiska Megaloudi, fmegaloudi@unccd.int; press@unccd.int Xenya Scanlon，传播主任，xscanlon@unccd.int Terry Collins， +1-416-878-8712 (m)， tc@tca.tc 照片：https://bit.ly/3UqU31m，视频：https://bit.ly/3U8K9QI