Statements

In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most MercifulYour Excellency Eng. Abdulrahman Abdulmohsen Al-Fadley,Minister of Environment, Water and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,It is a pleasure to join you today, through this recorded message, on this important occasion that celebrates a remarkable national achievement of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.What we celebrate today—the rehabilitation of one million hectares of degraded land—is not merely a number. It is tangible proof that land restoration is possible, even in the most challenging environments. It is an achievement realized on the ground, supported by science, guided by an integrated approach, and driven by a clear determination to create change.At a time when the world is facing an unprecedented acceleration in land degradation and worsening drought impacts, this achievement sends a powerful message:that solutions exist, and that collective action can turn challenges into opportunities.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has demonstrated how countries—even in arid environments with limited water resources—can lead a global model in ecosystem restoration by adopting nature-based solutions, leveraging innovation, and strengthening the integration between policies and practices.This achievement also stands as part of a broader national vision under the Saudi Green Initiative, which aims not only to plant trees, but to restore ecosystem functions, enhance biodiversity, and ensure the sustainability of natural resources for future generations.What further distinguishes this effort is its reliance on rigorous scientific methodologies for measurement and verification, enhancing the credibility of results and offering a model that can be replicated globally.Ladies and gentlemen,Land restoration is not only an environmental issue—it is a development and humanitarian imperative.This achievement directly contributes to:Strengthening food security,Supporting local economies,Creating jobs,Enhancing resilience to climate change,And improving the quality of life for communities. At both regional and global levels, land restoration is a key tool for addressing broader challenges, including reducing drivers of displacement and migration linked to land degradation, enhancing stability in fragile regions, and supporting international efforts for climate adaptation and resilience.What we are witnessing today in the Kingdom also reflects the power of partnerships, where government, private sector, and society have come together to achieve this milestone. It confirms that multilateral action is not an option, but a necessity to deliver the transformation required.In this context, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification highly values the Kingdom’s leadership role—through the Middle East Green Initiative, the Global Land Initiative, and its Presidency of the Conference of the Parties—contributing to raising global ambition and strengthening collective action.Ladies and gentlemen,Land restoration is an investment in people, in stability, and in a more sustainable future.What has been achieved today is not the end of the journey, but an important step along a longer path that requires continued commitment, accelerated action, and expanded partnerships.In closing, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for this outstanding achievement and for its continued role in advancing the global environmental agenda.We look forward to continuing this constructive collaboration toward a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.Thank you, and peace be upon you.  

Excellencies, Distinguished Delegates,  Ladies and Gentlemen,  Dear Friends, Before we begin our work, allow me to reflect on where we stand. Just a few kilometers from here lies one of the world’s most important waterways, the Panama Canal. Today, water levels are at historic lows. Ships move more slowly. Transit is restricted. Costs rise. And the ripple effects extend far beyond Panama: from the Suez Canal to the Rhine, the world is watching.  But this is not only a story about global navigation, it is a story about people. It is about food prices, water scarcity, disrupted value chains, and strained livelihoods. It reminds us that land, water, climate, and economies are deeply interconnected, and that when land and water fail, everything downstream feels the impact. This is the human reality I have witnessed in my first 100 days as Executive Secretary. These are the stories that come from you.  “Healthy land and soils are the foundation of food, water, stability, and peace.” And I want to begin by expressing my deepest appreciation to all Parties for your confidence in my appointment as Executive Secretary of this important Convention. It is a profound responsibility. And I commit, clearly that I will serve all Parties equally, transparently, and with the utmost professionalism. And my thanks goes to my brother Ibrahim Thiaw for the legacy he left and which I have the pleasure to build upon. Over the next days, we gather not to negotiate, but to deliver. CRIC is where we measure progress, identify gaps, and accelerate solutions. Let me be clear: “CRIC is not a negotiation body, it is a platform for delivery.” I will ensure that the session remains constructive, and focused on implementation. All Party requests will be addressed under their appropriate agenda items. And I will work closely with the CRIC Chair, the COP16 Presidency, and the incoming COP17 Presidency to ensure continuity and coherence. One of the most important topics from here to COP17 is Drought.  Drought is advancing faster than ever, affecting millions today and threatening billions tomorrow. Three in four people may face drought by 2050 unless we change course. From Egypt to Chile to the Sahel, the message is clear: “Drought is predictable, and if it’s predictable, it’s preventable.” Since COP16, we were able to advance some of the work on Drought the Presidency has advanced the Tafá’ul Process to help parties to find possible solutions to achieve a negotiation outcome at COP 17 The Secretariat is committed to support countries to shift from a fragmented crisis response to an integrated drought risk governance. We are: Strengthening early warning and anticipatory action Supporting drought-smart policy reforms Developing technical guidance  Preparing the IDRO Observatory architecture to support evidence-based decision-making These efforts support Parties in developing national drought plans, aligning ministries, improving water governance, and protecting vulnerable communities before crisis strikes. I want to thank the COP16 Presidency and partners for launching the Global Drought Resilience Partnership (RGDRP). But a fundamental truth remains: “Drought without finance remains words on paper.” Which I would like to address today. This is why advancing the Drought Resilience Investment Facility (DRIF) which provides a practical roadmap to help countries identify pipelines of bankable drought-resilience projects, mobilize blendd finance, and scale nature-based solutions. We are also strengthening tools to support Parties in developing drought-smart investment plans through: DRIF national pilots RGDRP partner coordination Integration with IDRA and IDRO technical products Restoring land and investing in resilience makes economic sense: Each dollar invested in restoration yields up to 30 dollars in benefitsInvestments in drought resilience pay off tenfoldWe will continue working on land restoration. Yet today, only 6% of land restoration and drought finance comes from the private sector. Let me state clearly: “Only six percent of land restoration finance comes from the private sector, this must change.” We need public, private, and philanthropic capital working together to unlock resilience at scale. Rangelands sustain nearly half a billion people. As we prepare for COP17 in Mongolia and the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists: “Rangelands sustain hundreds of millions of people, yet remain undervalued and under threat.” This is the moment to elevate them. But the real story comes from the real people – we have focused on Indigenous Peoples’ Caucus and the Local Communities Caucus, who along with women, bear the greatest burden of the impacts of drought and land degradation. Tomorrow afternoon, a consultation will take place on the work Indigenous representatives have undertaken over recent months, inviting feedback from Parties and observers. We continue to mobilize resources to advance this important work.  Everywhere I go, I meet the people who protect and restore land every day. Their message is simple: “You cannot protect land without protecting the people who care for it.” Women, youth, Indigenous custodians, farmers, and herders hold the knowledge and the courage needed to safeguard our soils and water. But without: -Secure land rightsAccess to financeOpportunities for youthand a fair share of benefitsOur restoration efforts will not succeed. People are at the heart of the UNCCD mission. More than three billion people are already affected by land degradation, human lives, not numbers. Excellencies, colleagues, friends, We meet at a pivotal moment, a moment of rising droughts, declining water, and pressure on land. But it is also a moment of solutions, science, and collective determination. The story of the Panama Canal reminds us of one truth: “What happens upstream on land shapes everything downstream.” Let us choose to shape it wisely. Let us choose resilience. Let us choose communities. Let us choose the land that sustains us all I thank you. 

By Yasmine Fouad, UNCCD Executive SecretaryThe global energy transition is often portrayed as a challenging, complex, costly and urgent necessity. But this perspective fails to capture the full picture. What if this monumental transformation offers one of the greatest opportunities of our time to restore our planet? This is an opportunity both to change how we power our world and to restore the land itself, addressing the interconnected crises of climate change, biodiversity loss and food insecurity at their source.  A bucket-wheel excavator, one of the world's largest land vehicles, looms against the sky at the Hambach open-pit mine. This machine symbolizes the large-scale extraction of lignite coal that has shaped the region for generations. I witnessed this firsthand in Eschweiler, Germany, this week. For generations, this region was defined by the massive machinery of the Hambach open pit mine, which spans 85 square kilometers (about the area of Manhattan) and plunges 400 meters (about half the height of the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world) deep. With a delegation of parliamentarians from around the world for our Global Changemaker Academy, I visited this former mine site. Through a meticulous, multi-decade effort, the landscape is being transformed into what I can only describe as a "friendly land": an ecosystem reborn from an industrial scar that is teeming with new life. The vast pit is destined to become Germany's second-largest lake after 2029. UNCCD Executive Secretary Yasmine Fouad joined the global delegation of parliamentarians from the Global Changemaker Academy, who were welcomed by the deputy mayor of Eschweiler at City Hall (Stadt Eschweiler Rathaus). What is happening in Eschweiler is powerful and tangible, going beyond a "good story." It is a prime example of what can happen when investment, technology, law and community dialogue converge. But Eschweiler's story is a complex narrative of a just transition that acknowledges the decades of community displacement and environmental degradation that preceded it. The most important lesson from this visit is not found in the soil or the newly planted trees. It is found in the law. The remarkable restoration we have seen did not happen by virtue of corporate goodwill alone. It was the direct result of a robust, forward-thinking legislative framework: Germany's Federal Mining Act. The law shows the principle that those who profit from extracting resources are responsible for restoring the land afterward. It requires companies to submit detailed, science-based reclamation plans for approval before any earth is moved. This legal framework designs the end from the beginning. The successful restoration of the land was achieved because the law required it, setting ambitious standards and ensuring the land was returned to the people in a healthy, productive and ecologically diverse state. UNCCD Executive Secretary Yasmine Fouad This is the critical framework we must bring from Eschweiler to the rest of the world. For the parliamentarians who joined me, this was the primary takeaway. While the specific restoration techniques or financial scale of this "Rolls Royce" project may not be replicable everywhere, the principle of strong, enforceable policies is universal. As lawmakers, they are the architects of this change. For three decades, the international community has addressed our planet's greatest challenges through three related agreements stemming from the Rio Earth Summit. Too often, these agreements tended to be pursued in relative isolation. Eschweiler shows us, in contrast, that on-the-ground action creates the constructive collaboration we need. Here, land restoration is the unifying, practical action that allows us to address climate change, biodiversity loss and desertification all at once. The restored Inde River flows through a lush, green landscape that was once an open pit mine. Wind turbines in the background represent the successful integration of a revived ecosystem and a clean energy future. Healthy soil and thriving ecosystems act as powerful carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere. Restored lands become our best defense against climate shocks. They act like natural sponges, absorbing floodwaters and keeping moisture during droughts. At the same time, restoration is the engine of biodiversity's return. By rebuilding healthy soil and restoring water cycles, we lay the foundation for life. Reintroducing native plants sets the stage for the return of pollinators, insects, birds and mammals, transforming a barren landscape into a complex, resilient web of life. My journey from Eschweiler starts locally but will go globally. This first field visit as Executive Secretary served as a clear statement of intent. I am here for the land. Seeing this restoration firsthand alongside these dedicated lawmakers reinforces my conviction. My message to them and to leaders everywhere is this: "The UNCCD stands ready to be your partner on the ground. We will come to your countries, walk your landscapes and work with you to craft the people-centric policies that will bring your land back to life." The Blausteinsee, a popular recreational lake formed from an old open pit mine, features a visible power plant in the distance. Its transformation from an industrial scar to a community hub for nature and leisure exemplifies the ultimate vision of restoration.  

Excellency Dr. Ibrahim A. Munir, Minister of Environment of Libya, AMCEN President,Excellency Mr. Abdullah Bin Ali Al-Amri, Chair of the Environment Authority of Oman and President of UNEA-7Excellency Mr. Moses Vilakati, Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development, Blue Economy and Sustainable Environment, African Union CommissionDear Zeinab Bangura, Director General of the UN Office at Nairobi,Dear Elizabeth Mrema, Deputy Executive Director of UNEP,Fellow Heads of AgenciesExcellencies, Distinguished guests,Dear colleagues,Ladies and Gentlemen, It is fitting to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of AMCEN here today. Indeed, Nairobi is the cradle of so many environmental decisions and policies. Born in Cairo in December 1985, the African Ministerial Conference on the Environment was developed and conceived in a room of this very compound of Gigiri, in Nairobi. It is well known that Africa is the youngest continent in the world. In Africa, 40 is a turning point. Between youth and full maturity. Between full power and the beginning of decline. 40 is a respectable age when one becomes a notable figure, someone who is consulted for advice. It is when children, if not already adults, are raised and educated, or at least in the midst of adolescence. Forty is the age of reason, respectability, and responsibility. It is the age when we must pass on the wisdom of initiation and tenderness to a new generation. AMCEN has therefore reached an honourable and respectable age. AMCEN can either take the path towards decline and regret – and no one in this room wants that – or it can soar towards the success that awaits the 1.5 billion Africans whose economy and well-being depend largely on natural resources. We all in this room expect AMCEN to climb the ladder of respectability, proudly passing the baton to the next generation. It can no longer claim the innocence of youth or the stammerings of the novice. Mesdames et Messieurs les Ministres,Il y a de quoi être fier de la CMAE. Depuis sa création, elle a été l’architecte décisif de l'intégration des priorités africaines dans les conférences mondiales : de Rio en 1992, à Paris en 2015, en passant par les COP. À chaque fois que l’Afrique coordonne et raffermit ses 54 voix, elle est écoutée et respectée en dépit de la cacophonie et de la complexité du système multilatéral. Toutefois, force est de reconnaître que des progrès restent encore à faire dans beaucoup de domaines. L’Afrique doit davantage rechercher la cohérence entre ses positions dans différentes négociations internationales. Les différents Groupes des Négociateurs africains ont des ancrages quelque peu sectoriels, voire dispersés. AMCEN doit rechercher à davantage harmoniser les positions africaines concernant les COP Climat, Biodiversité, Désertification, Pollution etc…Les points à l’ordre du jour des sessions de AMCEN doivent refléter cette recherche de cohérence. Quant à l’Union africaine, elle devrait élargir le mandat du Président en exercice du CAHOSC , afin que le comité des chefs d’état Africains intègre toutes les priorités environnementales de l’Afrique à savoir le climat, la dégradation des terres, la biodiversité et d’une manière générale la protection de la nature. Pour un continent dont l’économie dépend largement du secteur primaire, nous pensons en effet que l’Union africaine et AMCEN devraient faire figurer les questions des terres et la protection de la nature encore plus haut dans les priorités des Chefs d’Etat africains . L’Union africaine et AMCEN devraient donc promouvoir un CAHOSC plus inclusif. « La pluie ne tombe jamais sur un seul toit », dit un proverbe Camerounais, sonnant comme un rappel puissant que le Président du CAHOSC -représentant plénipotentiaire des Chefs d’Etats africains- ne saurait être cantonné à un seul sujet, aussi important soit-il que le climat.Mesdames et messieurs, Avant de conclure, permettez moi de rendre un vibrant hommage à tous ces pionniers, ministres, directeurs généraux et experts africains. Ils ont travaillé dans des conditions très difficiles, à l’ère du télex, du téléfax et du télégramme, au moment où relier deux sous-régions africaines relevait d’une véritable odyssée, pour nous léguer une fondation aussi solide. Pour ma part, je termine ma mission à la tête de UNCCD. J’ai tenu à faire de AMCEN@40 ma dernière mission officielle en cette capacité. Ce fut plus un énorme honneur de servir l’humanité pour cette noble cause. Je puis également vous dire que je n’ai, à aucun moment, perdu de vue mes fières origines, fortement ancrées dans les profondeurs des terres africaines. Je vous confie deux de mes convictions intimes : 1. la solution (du développement durable) viendra des terres, mais aussi des cœurs.2. L’Afrique offre une clé des solutions climatiques de demain. A nous de saisir la balle au bond. Je vous laisse avec cette phrase inspirée de feu Wangari Maathai, cette digne fille d’Afrique avec qui j’ai eu le privilège de coopérer et d’apprécier pendant mon séjour au Kenya:« L’environnement et l’économie sont deux faces d’une même pièce. Si nous ne protégeons pas le premier, nous perdrons les deux »Joyeux Anniversaire, AMCEN !Asante sana

Your Excellency Minister Odontuya Saldan, Minister of Environment and Climate Change of Mongolia,Your Excellency Mr. Mandakhbileg Birvaa, Ambassador of Mongolia to Germany Your Excellency Ms. Chimguundari Navaan-Yunden, Ambassador at large for UNCCD COP17Dear Colleagues,I am honored to receive you here today, in Bonn, to sign the Host Country Agreement of UNCCD COP 17, to be held in 2026 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Signing this agreement more than a year ahead of COP is a remarkable achievement in itself. I can attest that this is a clear sign of strong commitment from the top leadership of the country. No doubt that UNCCD COP17 in Ulaanbaatar will be splendid! Dear colleagues, You will be pleased to know that the people of Mongolia are known for their great hospitality, deeply rooted in nomadic traditions. In fact, it is said that in Mongolia, hospitality is a moral duty. Visitors have open invitation, without needing prior notice. Remarkably, we have the same tradition in my home country, Mauritania.Significant to their nomadic traditions, guests are offered, as a sign of respect, airag (a traditional drink made of fermented horse milk) or milk tea (suutei tsai) or boiled meat: dairy and meat are offered to guests, because they are most prestigious. Again, a similar feature in Mauritania, visitors are offered a drink made of fermented milk. Respectful seating arrangements matter too, as visitors are offered to be on the North side of the ger (a traditional home), the North being the most honored spot. Mongolia, the second-largest landlocked country in the world, has the particularity of having up to 27 more animals than humans. This shows how much livestock represent for the economy, the stability and the prosperity of the country. Another similar feature with Mauritania where the livestock population exceeds the human population!Mongolia’s vast landscapes are defined by its expansive steppes, rugged mountains, and the critical role of its rangelands in supporting both nature and human livelihoods. At the heart of this ecosystem is the Mongolian horse, a hardy and adaptable breed, central to the nomadic way of life. Horses hold deep cultural, historical and practical significance for the people of Mongolia. Remarkably, horses outnumber humans in Mongolia by a ratio of 1.5, underscoring the significant importance of these animals in culture and daily life.These horses are more than a symbol of the enduring connection between the Mongolian people and their environment. This brief overview reveals the deep connections between rangelands and livestock with the culture, the way of life and the economy of not only the pastoralists but the entire nation. Ladies and gentlemen, Land degradation is not a mirage. Land restoration is not a slogan for a fancy international conference. For those who have no other capital, no other source of income than the land they live in and the ecosystems that it sustains, land loss may be the equivalent to a massive economic depression. To a pastoralist or to a small farmer, drought or bushfire may have the same impact as a terrible earthquake or volcano. For the pastoralists of Mongolia and elsewhere, as fertile grasslands give way to barren deserts and sand dunes, herders face dwindling resources for their livestock, threatening their traditional way of life. Sand and dust storms, which have become more frequent and severe, are a visible manifestation of this environmental crisis. These storms lead to loss of top fertile soil; they have far-reaching impacts, affecting air quality, reduced carbon sequestration, human health, and even triggering conflict. While these issues have brought global attention to Mongolia’s environmental challenges, this visibility has also opened doors for international cooperation and investment in sustainable solutions. Initiatives to restore degraded rangelands, stabilize sand dunes, and combat land loss are gaining momentum. Programs that promote sustainable grazing practices, such as rotational grazing and community-based land management, are helping to revive grasslands and improve soil health. These efforts are creating new opportunities for eco-friendly livelihoods, such as eco-tourism and sustainable agriculture. They are empowering local communities to take an active role in preserving their environment while improving their economic prospects.Mongolia’s unique combination of traditional knowledge and modern innovation offers a promising path forward – and one which we are proud will feature UNCCD’s COP17 in 2026. As Mongolia works to restore its degraded lands and manage its rangelands, the country is not only preserving a way of life but also paving the way for a more sustainable and prosperous future. Mongolia is setting an example, by creating a model for balancing ecological restoration with economic growth – this is Mongolia’s legacy. This journey highlights the potential for turning environmental challenges into opportunities for resilience, innovation, and global leadership, and we at UNCCD are proud to be a part of this beautiful chapter. Madam Minister, Excellencies, As I conclude, I am reminded of the discussions I had in my various meetings with President Khürelsükh, with regards the multiple similarities between Mongolia and Mauritania: Total area : 1 million km2, eachLarge deserts (Sahara, the largest hot desert in the world; and Gobi, the largest desert in Asia);Relatively small-size population (3, 4 or 5 M people)-Relatively large-size livestock (more horses in Mongolia and more camels in Mauritania)Resource rich (especially mining) but relatively small industrial bases, The two countries were admitted the same day to the United Nations on 26 October 1961This is just to say that by hosting COP17 in 2026 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia will host close to 200 Parties, thousands of members of civil society, scientists and International Organisations. A unique opportunity to share experience, adopt relevant policies and above all open new avenues for cooperation and the much needed solidarity across nations.  Thank you.

Excellencies, distinguished delegates, dear friends,As we close this historic COP16, I am filled with immense gratitude and deep reflection. This COP is not just the conclusion of a meeting; for me, it is the conclusion of a deeply personal journey.Allow me to transport you to the arid landscapes of my childhood for a moment, where drought was not just an occasional episode, but a constant challenge woven into the daily lives of our communities. I remember the resilience of women striving to make the land yield against all odds, the ingenuity of farmers working with nature to survive, and the deep connection we had with our environment. It is from these experiences of resilience that my deep-seated conviction for land restoration emerged; a belief that has guided me throughout my professional life.My work with you has been shaped by this bridge between personal conviction and a professional pledge; between local interventions in my home community and global impact.  Mr. President, Allow me to first extend my heartfelt thanks to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its leadership as well as its people for its exceptional clairvoyance in hosting this COP.  Thank you for the unwavering commitment to elevating the global land restoration and drought resilience agenda. COP16 has been a COP like no other in the 30 years life of the UNCCD. By far the largest, the most inclusive and the most complex Conference. And I would add the most beautiful and efficient facility. First, we have elevated the land and drought agenda beyond sector-specific discussions, establishing it as a cornerstone of global efforts to address interconnected challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, food insecurity, migration, and global security. While Parties need more time to agree on the best way forward as to how to address the critical issue of drought, I am filled with hope with the launching of the Riyadh Global Drought Resilience Partnership; a landmark initiative to address one of the most pressing challenges of our time.We all welcome the pledges made in that regard by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the ten members the Arab Coordination Group, amounting to USD 12.15 billion.We also leave COP16 with a robust Ministerial Political Declaration. It is a powerful testament to our shared ambition and determination, aligned with the United Nations' pillars and advancing progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. The 39 important decisions that were adopted by this COP will serve as a guidance not only to all Governments in the world, but also to the private sector, indigenous peoples and local communities. Second, this COP has precisely been about People. Farmers, pastoralists, Indigenous peoples, women, and youth are at the heart of our efforts to create a more equitable and resilient future. Their voices have guided our work and inspired our collective action.Third, Women’s rights and secure land tenure have been firmly recognized as central pillars of our work, ensuring that those most impacted by land degradation and drought are further associated with our decision-making processes. To the Parties, thank you for giving me the opportunity to serve and work alongside you over the past six years. Your commitment to addressing desertification, land degradation, and drought issues has given the space and the authorizing environment to operate.To the entire UNCCD team, who worked tirelessly to deliver this COP: thank you for your extraordinary professionalism, passion, and belief in the mission of UNCCD. Delivering this COP was nothing short of a moonshot—a bold and ambitious effort that required exceptional dedication and teamwork.Witnessing your determination, creativity, and commitment throughout this journey has been profoundly inspiring. Your contributions have shaped me and this moment. Their impact will resonate far beyond the perimeter of this COP, leaving a lasting legacy for generations to come.I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the invisible hands --who, to me, are very visible— including our incredible volunteers, those working tirelessly in the pavilions, across this incredible site. My deep appreciation to our UN Security Officers, to our interpreters, logisticians, editors and translators, and to all service providers who allow us to operate so efficiently. Mr. President, As I conclude, my thoughts go to the most vulnerable communities. I believe that this COP was not just another UN meeting; it was a call to action. It was a space where discussions and policies laid the groundwork for real, tangible change. But the true measure of our success will not be defined by what we agreed here; but rather by what we did with it.As we leave this COP, the real work begins. With political will, the solutions are within our grasp. The actions we took today will shape not only the future of our planet but also the lives, livelihoods, and opportunities of those that we know: land is the only asset there is. Mr. President,Excellency Minister Al Fadley: at the risk of offending your modesty, allow me to express, from the bottom of my heart, my personal appreciation to you. You never failed to listen attentively and to respond to my multiple requests and those of my colleagues. I would also like to thank your team for the excellent collaboration and the strong bonds we have built up with them. Starting with Dr Osama, who spared no effort to ensure the success of this COP. And to all the Saudi teams, who have shown us that united and determined, we can move mountains. I could not be more humbled by what we have achieved together. Thank you!

Monsieur le Président de la Conférence des Parties, Altesses royales,Excellences,Distingués délégués,Mesdames et messieurs, Ahlan wa sahlan, wa marhaba en Arabie Saoudite.  Une terre où l’hospitalité et la générosité ne sont pas simplement des traditions, mais un mode de vie, profondément ancrées dans la société et la culture à travers l’histoire.À l’image du palmier dattier, qui s’élève contre vents et marées dans le désert, offrant ses fruits à ceux qui s’en approchent, les Saoudiens sont répuétés pour leur cœur ouvert et leur gentillesse inébranlable. Que dire du chameau, à l’honneur de cette Année internationale des camélidés, qui endure les conditions les plus extrêmes du désert, symbole par excellence de la résilience et de la persévérance? Ici, l’hospitalité perdure à travers les âges, accueillant les invités du monde entier avec chaleur et respect. L’acte d’offrir des dattes — avec du café arabe— est une façon de vous faire sentir chez vous, en partageant non seulement la nourriture, mais aussi un morceau de leur patrimoine et de leur fierté.Je sais que vous partagerez mon expérience et que vous sentirez chez vous pendant tout votre séjour en Arabie saoudite.Monsieur le Président,  Notre planète est rendue malade par la dégradation des terres. Près de 40% de son corps est déjà affecté. La maladie progresse à un rythme effrayant. Chaque année, des terres saines dont la superficie fait la taille de l’Égypte sont infestées.Alors que son immunité baisse, des virus opportunistes provoquent un cocktail épidémique inédit : sécheresses, tempêtes et poussières de sables, pénuries d’eau ; le tout exacerbé par le changement climatique et la perte de la biodiversité.Ce décor, aussi lugubre qu’il puisse paraître, pourrait cependant être perçu comme un verre à moitié plein, plutôt qu’à moitié vide. Nous disposons de vaccins et d'outils de traitement accessibles à un prix raisonnable. Mr President, This is not just the third and final COP under my tenure. It’s a pivotal moment. Over the  years, we have seen land restoration emerge as one of the most effective tools to address some of the greatest challenges of our time: climate change, food insecurity, economic inequality, forced migration and even global instability.Together, we have accomplished a lot. However, our work is far from finished.Indeed, scientific evidence is unambiguous: the way we manage our land today will directly determine the future of life on Earth.Land restoration is first and foremost about securing the foundation of our economy, security, and humanity.In this regard, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for its vision and leadership in elevating the global land restoration and drought resilience agenda; whether through the G20, hosting this landmark COP and building its legacy, the Saudi Green Initiative, or, most recently, the Middle East Green Initiative.The UNCCD call to address desertification, land degradation, and drought is no longer a whisper—it is being recognized at the highest levels of global decision-making, signaling a global recognition of its transformative power.We have seen how the land and drought agendas have been at the core of important discussions not only at the UN General Assembly, but also at the G20, the G7, BRICS, the World Economic Forum, and the Arab Coordination Group, to name just a few.Major large-scale land restoration and drought initiatives, such as the Great Green Wall in Africa, the G20 Global Land Restoration Initiative, the International Drought Resilience Alliance have built their approaches on the foundations laid by UNCCD Parties. We are glad to note the powerful impacts of our COPs both in India (Initiative of PM Narendra Modi to restore 26 M ha) and in Côte d’Ivoire (Abidjan Legacy Programme of President Alassane Ouattara, costed at 3 billion US dollars). We welcome and applaud the important Saudi-led Legacy of COP16, that will be unveiled shortly.These efforts have generated political momentum and a broader understanding that addressing land degradation goes beyond ‘ecology’; land restoration is primarily about nurturing humanity itself.And that is what COP16 is all about.I recall visiting the haunting expanse of the Aral Sea, once the world’s fourth-largest freshwater lake, shared by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. Standing there, where life once flourished, I saw a barren wasteland—an environmental disaster of unimaginable scale.It was a poignant reminder of what is at stake.Every second, somewhere in the world, we lose an equivalent of four football fields to land degradation.Land and soil loss are robbing poor families of nutritious food, and children of a safe future.Land degradation aggravates poverty, disrupts food security, impacts health, and even forces families to migrate.It is the land and soil beneath our feet that grows the cotton for the clothes we wear, secures the food on our plates, and anchors the economies we rely on.The cost of land degradation seeps in every corner of their lives. They see the rising price of groceries, in unexpected energy surcharges, and in the growing strain on their communities.I have spoken to farmers, mothers, and young people who are living this reality every day.Their resilience is inspiring, but their struggles remind us that land degradation and drought do not recognize borders.Power blackouts multiply as dams go dry due to drought.Nuclear plants in Europe have struggled to stay operational as rivers dry up.Global supply chains falter in the Panama Canal due to insufficient water; or in the Suez Canal when sand and dust storms make navigation difficult. By 2050, three in four people globally -up to seven and half billion people- will feel the impact of drought.The stories I have heard and the places I have seen make one thing clear: we must act now to restore our lands. They are the foundation of our everything.For the first time, through the UNCCD national reporting, we now have an evidence-based estimate of the alarming status and trends in land degradation.According to the UNCCD data, in the four years to 2019, healthy land the size of India and Nigeria combined was affected by Land Degradation.Agriculture, over-grazing, urbanization, mining, deforestation, and other factors are driving this decline, compounded by climate change.But a deeper injustice and inequalities exist: those who farm often do not own the land. Women only own 13% of agricultural land, for example. When they do own, its often a marginal land.Those who produce are often at the very bottom of global value chains and rarely benefit from them.Rural communities are being left behind, while the wealth created from their labor often fills someone else’s basket.So COP16 is our reliance on land. But it is also about resilience. COP 16 is specifically about drought resilience. Multiple articles of the Convention text refer to drought. The last seven COPs have had decisions related to drought. And COP16 will hopefully be remembered as the Conference where the most important decisions on drought were made.We are all gathered here to make COP16 a historic moment; the world expects Parties to adopt a bold decision that can help turn the tide on the most pervasive and the most disruptive environmental disaster.Drought is a slow onset, a silent killer.Drought wreaks havoc on nations’ economies.It provokes or amplifies massive wildfires.It disrupts food production and water security.Drought disrupts energy production, both hydro and nuclear, two low-carbon sources.Droughts have become more frequent, more intense and have expanded into new territories.No country is immune.No biome is spared, not even tropical or boreal forests.So, after 30 years of deliberations, including six consecutive years of intergovernmental working groups, all eyes are on us. This is a lot of pressure, but we must seize this pivotal moment.Together, we can reverse the trends of land degradation and build a more resilient world to drought.Together we can make a real difference in peoples’ lives.Together, we can unlock the true potential of our land and protect our Planet/Home.Mr. President,Before I conclude, allow me to express UNCCD’s deep gratitude to the outgoing Presidency from Côte d’Ivoire for not only hosting us in Abidjan in 2022, but for successfully leading the COP Bureau for the last two and a half years.While negotiations at COP16 are led by governments, I want to pay tribute to members of civil society, other non-state actors, including business for their unprecedented contributions and participation.Allow me to also express my gratitude to the UN family. Thank you for your unwavering support. My gratitude go to all Executives of UN agencies and Treaties, to Intergovernmental Organizations, Academia, Financial institutions who have played a key role in helping design and run the Thematic Days of this COP.To all exhibitors in beautiful pavilions, to all who populated the most beautiful Green Zone I have ever seen, to all invisible hands who spent endless hours to make this Conference happen, I only have one word: Shukran!بالنسبة لبلدنا المضيف، المملكة العربية السعودية ملكاً وشعباً، فأرجو أن تتقبلوا منا التعبيرعن امتناننا. اسمحوا لي أن أكرر الشكر مرتين أو ثلاث مراتشكراً لكم على حسن ضيافتكم.وشكراً لكم على كرمكم.  وشكرا لكم جميعا على اهتمامكم الكريموسلام عليكم ورحمة الله

Making peace with nature means signing an amnesty with ourselves. It means reducing our footprint on the planet, our emissions and our pollution. It means producing twice as much food by 2050 to meet the needs of a growing population, while respecting the ambitions of the 30 by 30. Producing more food in quantity and quality, while extracting less fresh water, and reducing the expansion of agricultural land. This means destroying less grazing land, controlling deforestation and restoring billions of hectares of degraded land. Making peace with nature means anticipating natural disasters more effectively, being better prepared to deal with them and building our resilience to drought. There's no doubt that this is a challenge. But not an impossible task. To succeed, we need to revisit our relationships with nature, and stop taking it for granted. Nature has always given us everything we need: from the food we eat to the water we drink, to the air we breathe. Whether it's raining, snowing or windy, nature provides us with the right clothing. Have we ever stopped to thank her for all the services it has always provided to humanity? s stewards of our land, have we ever done a proper audit and tried to reconcile our direct debits with our balances? By extracting so many resources from the entrails of the earth, we are leaving a sick planet to our children. Never before have we had so many victims of natural disasters; never before have we had so many displaced populations; never before have we had so much vulnerability and precariousness. For many people, in too many countries, the only progress they see is in growing inequalities, destruction and despair. Consider this: Rich or poor, we depend on the capacity of our soil to meet our basic needs. We depend on nature's ability to withstand droughts and generate the water resources essential to our lives. This is why Cali is such an important milestone. But allow me to remind you all that our last stop for this year will be Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. COP16 to the UNCCD is also crucial as 197 Parties are expected to adopt landmark decisions on drought and land restauration and anything that affects livelihoods of those who have no other assets than their land including women, youth and indigenous people. Looking forward to welcoming you from 2-13 December in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Excellencies,Compared to other regions, the Arab world is probably the one most affected by desertification and drought. From the Maghreb to the Gulf, from the Sahara and the Sahel to the shores of the Indian Ocean and the Red sea.More than anywhere else in the world, the Arab region is facing a water crisis.The region’s famous waterways are disappearing.Once-roaring rivers have been reduced to trickles that can easily be crossed on foot.With only 2 per cent of the world’s renewable water supplies, the Arab region is one of the driest region in the world.What could be more fitting than for the Arab region to host this year the most universal of United Nations assemblies devoted to land degradation and water scarcity?What could be more meaningful than for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to have been chosen by the 197 contracting Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification to host COP16 in Riyadh?During the two weeks of the COP this December and the intersessional period that follows, all eyes will be on, and hopes will be pinned on Arab leadership.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has the opportunity to usher a new chapter for the Convention, as it marks its 30th anniversary this year.For too long, many viewed the loss of arable land and drought-induced disruptions as local problems to be solved by the affected countries, with international support limited to humanitarian aid and small-scale projects.However, scientific advancements have revealed that these natural phenomena are deeply interconnected, with climate change and land degradation driving social consequences such as forced migration, inter-community conflicts, and growing competition for resources such as fertile land and water.Let us say it loud and clear: world peace, prosperity and human security may be under even greater threat unless we take a more serious look at the issues of land and water.We need to produce twice as much food over the next few decades, to meet our growing needs (and greed), at a time when it is necessary to cut back on the amount of agricultural land and freshwater we use, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones.I want to take this opportunity to stress to you the urgency of investing more in land restoration and drought resilience to avert this global crisis.This is because the benefits of restoration extend beyond agriculture, boosting job creation, biodiversity and economic growth.Let there be no misunderstanding: land degradation and drought may well manifest themselves locally, but their consequences are global.Often, the root causes of these wounds are historical and partly exogenous to the territories affected. Consequently, solutions to address their enormous consequences must be global as well.UNCCD COP 16 is therefore the ideal time to better position Arab League countries at the global level in this crucial area.First and foremost, to offer their long experience and share their traditional knowledge in combating desertification and managing water crises.Second: by proving to the world that it's possible to live decently in arid zones, as long as you respect and adapt to nature.Third, by leading by example in investing in land restoration and drought resilience.COP 16 is not just a conference.COP16 will be a landmark event for accelerating action on land and drought resilience and a gamechanger for the green transition in Saudi Arabia and indeed the Arab region and beyond.Finally, I would like to say that the countries of the Arab League and the Arab Coordination Group can leave an indelible mark on the world from their first UNCCD COP. By giving decisive support to the Riyadh Global Drought Resilience Partnership, promoted by Saudi Arabia, you will make history.This COP16 is yours. From 2 to 13 December, Riyadh will be the world capital of intense negotiations on Land degradationn and drought.Together, let's make COP 16 Riyadh a success.

Madame Minister, Marina da Silva,Ladies and gentlemen,Bom dia!I have indelible memories of my visit to Brazil last June, when Minister Marina Silva invited me to visit the Caatinga region with her. It was instructive for me to discover the extent of land degradation and drought in a country mostly known for its lush forests and vast rivers. It was news to me that the arid and semi-arid zones of Brazil cover 1.4 million km2 and that 59 per cent of the territory is affected by drought, 1/3 of which by extreme drought! How to feed these people? How to supply them with clean water and reliable energy? How, in these conditions, can we promote industrialization, create jobs and ensure human well-being? Brazil’s case is just an example of how land degradation and drought are having serious impacts in the world. Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen, We are living in a paradoxical bubble. While in theory the world has never accumulated so much wealth, there have never been such striking disparities and inequalities, so many displaced populations, so much forced migration. The number of people without jobs or secure livelihoods is rising inexorably in many parts of the world. While certain countries in the world are reservoirs of mineral resources and agricultural commodities, forest and fishery products, some of these same countries are experiencing the most appalling poverty. This calls for a rethinking of our economic models. For far too long, we have adopted policies of extraction, exportation of raw material, processing abroad, re-exporting, using and discarding. This type of linear extractive economy, whether agricultural or mining, often leads to inequality, resentment and dissension. Perpetuating this model in this 21st century is ruinous and counterproductive. It is obsolete and needs to be reviewed. Given the current level of degradation of our land (up to 40 per cent of fertile land is already degraded), and in view of the trends towards 2050, we have little choice but to review our policies and practices. And the G20 Environmental meetings is the place to start rethinking, perhaps with the South African Presidency. Challengingly, we must produce at least 50 per cent more food, while leaving a smaller footprint on the planet. Producing more nutritious food with less: less land, less water, less pollution. Not an easy equation, but not impossible to solve. One of the most accessible, sustainable and natural solutions is large-scale restoration of degraded land. In addition to the fertile land already in use, we have a reservoir of 1.5 billion hectares of degraded land which can be rehabilitated, cared for and put back into production. The investment required is relatively modest in view of the return on investment and economic income, estimated at between 7 to 30 times the original investment.Beyond economics, bringing degraded land back to health provides multiple other solutions: Restoring degraded land is often the best way of combating forced migration, recognizing that people have no choice but to flee when they cannot provide food and dignity to their families. The correlations between forced migration and arid lands has been established…Restoring degraded land therefore fights against poverty (think of those who have no other asset than their ancestral land); Investing in land restoration can also reduce conflicts and insecurity, particularly conflicts over access to fertile land and scarce water. Land and Water are often the (neglected) root causes or the (poorly understood) triggers of conflicts. Finally, land restoration meets climate change ambitions (both mitigation and adaptation), biodiversity (target 2 of the Global Biodiversity Framework) and, of course, the fight against land degradation (Land Degradation Neutrality), i.e. the ambitions of the so-called Rio Conventions. It is encouraging that the G20 established in 2020 a Global Land Restoration Initiative aiming at halving degraded lands in the world by 2040. The implementation of such a visionary initiative is however timid and needs to be boosted throughout the entire G20 block and beyond. Excellencies, Ladies and gentlemen Now let me turn to drought. An issue which affects us all – rich and poor. Right here in Latin America, we are currently witnessing the lowest water levels on record in many of the rivers in the Amazon basin – and this follows the most severe drought faced in 45 years. Across the world, droughts are occurring more frequently and more severely – up by one third since 2000. An estimated 3 in 4 people worldwide will be affected by drought by 2050. And sadly, droughts never come alone: wildfires, food insecurity, economic downturn, disruption of energy generation, and even disruption of supply chains as we recently witnessed in the Panama Canal. It is incredible to witness the burning of the Amazon rainforest as well as the Pantanal, reported as the world’s largest wetland. Before I conclude, allow me to extend a special invitation to all of you to join us at UNCCD COP16, taking place from December 2nd to 13th, 2024, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. You laready heard from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, our wonderful host who spares no effort to make this COP a turning point in the life of the Convention. In Riyadh, Leaders, Ministers, Entrepreneurs, Indigenous People, Women and Youth will each have a chance to engage in shaping future policies and accelerating action on land restoration and drought resilience. Together with our hosts, we look forward to continuing these important conversations on a global stage.