While well known for rainforests, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are actually about one-fourth desert and drylands (20,533,000 km2). The deserts of the Pacific coast stretch from southern Ecuador across the entire Peruvian shoreline to northern Chile. Further inland, at altitudes of 3,000-4,500 meters, the high plains, or Altiplano, of the Andean mountains cover large areas of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. To the east of the Andes, an arid region extends from Chaco‘s northern reaches in Paraguay to Patagonia in southern Argentina. In northeastern Brazil, the landscape is dominated by semi-arid zones and tropical savannahs.

Desertification and degradation of natural resources seriously affect nearly all countries of the LAC region. The region’s rural areas are home to 125 million people, including 60 percent of the poorest people in the region. These regions are particularly affected by land degradation, which is a factor in the vicious circle of land overexploitation, degradation, increased demands on production, greater poverty, food insecurity and migration.

The LAC region faces many challenges caused by land degradation. Severe droughts and land degradation have made the countries in Central America extremely vulnerable to natural disasters, delaying their sustainable development. Large parts of Colombia and Venezuela are highly degraded. In the arid zones of the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Haiti and Jamaica, erosion and water shortages are noticeably intensifying. Most of Mexico is arid and semi-arid, mainly in the north.

Poverty and pressure on natural resources are critical factors driving land degradation in much of Latin America and the Caribbean. In a region with 465 million inhabitants, around 110 million live below the poverty line. Land degradation threatens the subsistence of a large part of the population living in rural areas – making it more difficult for people to earn a living wage. These conditions often force inhabitants in degraded areas to migrate.

Latin America and the Caribbean: Regional cooperation

The Regional Annex for Latin America and the Caribbean strongly emphasizes the need for sustainable development. The Convention has strong political support in the region. Every country is a party to the Convention, and the issues of land degradation, desertification and drought are constantly integrated into the national agendas for sustainable development and poverty reduction.

National Action Programmes (NAPs) have been formulated by most countries, taking a bottom-up approach with involvement from all relevant stakeholders, including civil society organizations.

LAC countries have defined national voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and the elements needed to implement this methodology at national level, as part of the process to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular the SDG goal 15.3. Currently there are 22 LAC countries participating in the LDN Target Setting Programme (LDN TSP). Three of these - Costa Rica, Chile and Grenada – have been selected as pilot countries.

A regional coordination unit (RCU) is hosted by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Santiago de Chile.

Contact Regional Liaison Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (Annex III)

Ms. Laura Meza Morales
Regional Liaison Officer
Edificio Fortune Plaza. Calle 60 Este
Panama City, Panamá Province, Panama
T: +507 305 3181
E: lmeza [at] unccd.int (lmeza[at]unccd[dot]int)

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Panamá acogerá una importante reunión de las Naciones Unidas sobre desertificación, degradación de tierras y sequía

La 23.ª reunión del Comité de Examen de la Aplicación de la Convención (CRIC23) se celebrará en Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá, del 1 al 5 de diciembre de 2025 El emblema de la CRIC23 destaca el Pacto de Panamá con la Naturaleza, que aúna sus compromisos sobre tierra, clima y biodiversidad Bonn/Ciudad de Panamá, 15 de septiembre de 2025 – Representantes de 196 países y de la Unión Europea se reunirán en Panamá del 1 al 5 de diciembre de 2025 para examinar sus esfuerzos contra la desertificación, la degradación de las tierras y la sequía como Partes del único tratado mundial jurídicamente vinculante en la materia, una de las tres Convenciones de Río, junto con las de biodiversidad y clima. La 23.ª sesión del Comité de Examen de la Aplicación de la Convención (CRIC 23) para la Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación (CNULD) reunirá a unos 500 delegados de gobiernos, la sociedad civil y el mundo académico para evaluar los avances en la consecución de los objetivos del tratado. Panamá, signatario de la CNULD desde 1996, se ha comprometido a alcanzar la neutralidad en la degradación de las tierras para 2030, ha identificado 31 zonas críticas y está impulsando programas de reforestación y adaptación en el Corredor, lo que subraya su papel como anfitrión regional. En 2023, el país se enfrentó al año más seco de su historia, cuando la escasez de agua interrumpió el tráfico a través del Canal de Panamá y mostró cómo una sequía localizada puede tener consecuencias a nivel mundial. El Ministro de Medio Ambiente de Panamá, Juan Carlos Navarro, declar: “Nunca antes un país había albergado en un mismo año a las tres grandes convenciones ambientales de Naciones Unidas: acción climática, biodiversidad, y desertificación y gestión sostenible de tierras. Con ello, Panamá reitera su compromiso con la conservación de la naturaleza y el desarrollo sostenible,  así como su llamado a gestionar juntos estos tres pilares de manera integral para enfrentar la crisis planetaria y construir un futuro resiliente para nuestras comunidades”. La secretaria ejecutiva de la CNULD, Yasmine Fouad, dijo: “Las graves sequías y la pérdida de tierras fértiles ya están afectando a la producción de alimentos y energía, desarraigando a las comunidades rurales y amenazando los medios de vida de millones de personas. Ello es especialmente evidente en América Latina y el Caribe, donde la degradación afecta a por lo menos el 20% de la tierra. Al acoger la CRIC23, Panamá se sitúa en el centro de la respuesta colectiva, que demuestra con gestos como su compromiso nacional con la naturaleza y con la iniciativa regional del Corredor Seco. Asimismo, Panamá impulsa los esfuerzos – necesarios y urgentes – para aumentar la resiliencia a la sequía y restaurar tierras en todo el mundo”.  Esta CRIC también pondrá un énfasis especial en la perspectiva de género. Las mujeres son de las más afectadas por la degradación de la tierra, pues enfrentan a diario las consecuencias de los suelos degradados y la sequía, al tiempo que siguen estando en la primera línea para sostener a las familias y garantizar alimentos.  Datos recientes de la CNULD muestran por qué urge tomar medidas: el mundo está perdiendo casi 100 millones de hectáreas de tierra sana al año y la aridez ha aumentado en más del 70 % de la superficie terrestre en los últimos 30 años, lo que socava la capacidad del planeta para sostener una población cada vez mayor. El mundo necesita 1000 millones de dólares diarios desde ahora hasta 2030 para cumplir los objetivos mundiales de restauración de tierras y combatir la desertificación y la sequía, una fracción de lo que se destina a incentivos perversos e inversiones dañinas.  La CRIC23 se celebrará en el Centro de Convenciones de Panamá, en la ciudad de Panamá. Las partes examinarán los progresos realizados y formularán recomendaciones para alcanzar los objetivos mundiales de prevenir y revertir la degradación de las tierras y fomentar la resiliencia frente a la sequía para 2030. Además, la CRIC23 debatirá el marco estratégico para después de 2030 y reunirá a las principales partes interesadas, desde las mujeres y los jóvenes hasta los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales.  El logotipo de la CRIC23 se inspira en la flor del Espíritu Santo (Peristeria elata), la flor nacional de Panamá. En su centro, emerge el contorno de una paloma blanca en vuelo, símbolo universal de paz y unidad. Hoy en día, esta delicada flor se ve cada vez más amenazada por la desertificación de sus hábitats naturales, lo que subraya el imperativo de proteger la biodiversidad y restaurar nuestros suelos. El emblema del CRIC23 destaca además el Pacto de Panamá con la Naturaleza, que aúna los compromisos del país en materia de tierra, clima y biodiversidad. El logotipo también rinde homenaje al patrimonio natural y cultural de Panamá y refleja la determinación del país de construir un futuro resiliente, sostenible y en armonía con la naturaleza. Notas para los editores Se invita a los representantes de los medios de comunicación acreditados a asistir e informar sobre el CRIC23 y los eventos asociados.  El IISD proporcionará un resumen diario de los aspectos más destacados del CRIC23 en su Boletín de Negociaciones de la Tierra El calendario de eventos paralelos está disponible aquí: https://www.unccd.int/cric23/side-events Los recursos visuales sobre el CRIC23 y el enlace al Panel de Datos de la CNULD están disponibles aquí: https://trello.com/b/zq0kxtkK/unccd-cric23-panama-2025 La inscripción en línea para los representantes de los medios de comunicación estará disponible a partir del 15 de septiembre de 2025 aquí: https://indico.un.org/e/unccd-cric23 (haga clic en ‘Registro de medios’).   Para inscribirse, proporcione los siguientes documentos: Una fotografía reciente tamaño pasaporte;Una tarjeta de prensa válida;Una copia (páginas con fotografía y firma) del pasaporte nacional (para periodistas extranjeros) o del documento nacional de identidad (para solicitantes locales);Una carta de presentación en papel con membrete oficial del jefe de la oficina, la empresa de medios de comunicación o la editorial.Los periodistas autónomos deben presentar una carta de la organización de medios de comunicación que los asigna para cubrir la conferencia. Después de esta fecha, el registro in situ se realizará en el Centro de Acreditación y Registro del Centro de Convenciones de Panamá (Calle General Juan D. Perón, Amador, Ciudad de Panamá) durante el horario oficial de registro. Los periodistas que se inscriban en línea podrán recoger su acreditación en el Centro de Convenciones de Panamá previa presentación de una tarjeta de prensa válida y un documento de identidad. Para obtener más información sobre la normativa que rige las solicitudes de visado y la introducción de material periodístico en Panamá, consulte: https://es.tourismpanama.com/planea-tus-vacaciones/requisitos-de-viaje/ Para consultas sobre la acreditación de los medios de comunicación o la cobertura del evento, póngase en contacto con: press@unccd.int En el lugar de celebración de la conferencia habrá un espacio de trabajo dedicado a la prensa y los medios de comunicación. En el sitio web de la CNULD se podrá encontrar información adicional y actualizaciones para los medios de comunicación sobre la Convención y el CRIC 23: https://www.unccd.int/cric23 Acerca de la CNULD La Convención de las Naciones Unidas de Lucha contra la Desertificación (CNULD) es la visión y la voz global para las tierras. Unimos a gobiernos, científicos, responsables políticos, el sector privado y las comunidades en torno a una visión compartida y una acción global para restaurar y gestionar la tierra del mundo en aras de la sostenibilidad de la humanidad y el planeta. Mucho más que un tratado internacional firmado por 197 Partes, la CNULD es un compromiso multilateral para mitigar los impactos actuales de la degradación de la tierra y promover la gestión sostenible de tierras para proporcionar alimentos, agua, refugio y oportunidades económicas a todas las personas de manera equitativa e inclusiva.  

Panamá acogerá una importante reunión de las Naciones Unidas sobre desertificación, degradación de tierras y sequía
ReVerde: Local voices in the global fight against land degradation

Land degradation is a global crisis—one that is reshaping landscapes, livelihoods and futures. Each year, vast areas of productive lands are lost, affecting nearly half of humanity and costing the global economy an estimated US$878 billion. In Latin America, over 20 per cent of arable land is already degraded due to deforestation, overgrazing and other types of unsustainable land use. At the heart of the UNCCD is the belief that land is not only a natural resource—it is a source of life, identity and resilience. But while policies and data help define the challenge, it is the stories from the ground that bring its true scale and urgency into focus. Here is where ReVerde plays a crucial role. The documentary-style television programme gives voice to the people behind the headlines—those living with and responding to the impacts of land degradation. From Indigenous communities to small-scale farmers, from urban collectives to rural cooperatives, the programme captures the diverse efforts underway to restore ecosystems, protect local resources and create sustainable alternatives. Aligned with the UNCCD’s vision for sustainable land stewardship, ReVerde explores both the challenges and the solutions. It highlights community-led restoration, the importance of ancestral knowledge and the risks posed by unregulated development. Ahead of this year's Desertification and Drought Day on 17 June 2025, hosted in Bogotá, Colombia, with the theme— “Restore the Land. Unlock the Opportunities.”— ReVerde stories remind us that restoration is not an abstract goal, but a daily effort being led by communities on the ground. The benefits are clear: land restoration can reverse more than US$1 trillion in agricultural productivity losses, strengthen food security for over a billion people and create millions of sustainable jobs. But to meet global targets, a significant funding gap—currently US$278 billion per year—must be closed. In telling the stories of land and those who care for it, ReVerde does more than inform—it inspires, builds understanding, sparks dialogue  and brings us closer to a future where land is restored, protected and valued for generations to come. In its next chapter, ReVerde turns its lens to the global observance of Desertification and Drought Day—continuing its mission to spotlight the people and places at the heart of our planet’s most pressing challenges. 

ReVerde: Local voices in the global fight against land degradation
Dominican Republic: restoring land to secure clean water for millions

When the flow of a tropical island nation’s most important river varies by 80 per cent between the dry and wet seasons, something is amiss. In a conserved watershed, the volume of water only fluctuates by 20 per cent, pointing to the role of healthy lands in trapping and slowly releasing moisture as opposed to having water run off in a flash. Such is the predicament of the Northern Yaque river in the Dominican Republic, a mountainous Caribbean country of 10.5 million. Today, water pressure on the river is around 96 per cent, meaning that virtually all the water that the river can be counted on to carry permanently is committed to use by a growing urban population, plantations, and industries. But change, with both short- and long-term gains, is underway.For the past 15 years, dedicated partnerships convening the civil society, public, and private sectors have come up with sustainable land and water management strategies that work for everybody — smallholders, utilities providers and financiers — creating a blueprint from which others can draw inspiration.Experts working to rehabilitate the Northern Yaque watershed, which covers 14.6 per cent of the country, talked us through their process and the success factors in improving the water security of more than 1,8 million people, while building drought resilience in the face of climate change. Partnering with water users The civil society-led Plan for the Development of the Northern Yaque Watershed, or Plan Yaque, convenes 32 civil society and governmental institutions to reforest water catchment areas, train farmers in sustainable land and water management, and help communities treat wastewater before it is released into the river. In turn, Plan Yaque is a technical advisor and a key project implementer of the Northern Yaque Water Fund, a financial and governance mechanism launched in 2015 to raise and administer funds for water security in the watershed. The Fund, which is one of two such structures in the Dominican Republic, brings together 27 partners, including the Ministry of Environment, universities, and the water utility company of the country’s second largest city, Santiago. Additionally, it involves major users like manufacturing companies and banana, rice, and tobacco producer associations —crucial since agriculture accounts for an estimated 85 per cent of water consumption in the area. “The Water Fund is built on the notion that no single stakeholder can do it alone,” says executive director of the Water Fund Walkiria Estévez, who notes that the Dominican Republic is one of the most water stressed countries in the world.Ensuring financial sustainabilityPrivate sector partners contribute economically to the Fund, while each of the customers of the water utility company of Santiago contributes a small amount. The money is then invested in different portfolios and 75 per cent of the profits are used in support of nature-based solutions for water security. The rest is channeled back into the Fund to grow it. But how did the fund get the private sector on board in the first place?“We don’t speak of donations, but of investments,” says Estévez. “The private sector is investing to secure a crucial input —water— for their operations now and in the future. Ultimately, it is about having users take responsibility for managing a vital resource sustainably.”Upholding accountabilityFor Estévez, measuring results, financial accountability, and transparency have been central to gaining and maintaining the trust of partners, as has been starting with low-investment, high-impact interventions that are based on science.“We did not wait for the trust fund to reach a substantial size to start funding projects and presenting results. That was vital to prove that our model worked and to keep the momentum,” she says. However, she notes that continuing to grow the fund is important to bring successful strategies to scale and to support new ones. For example, upcoming trainings to help lowland farmers conserve soils and improve water use efficiency, which currently stands at less than 30 per cent, according to technical project coordinator Alberto Lizardo.Artificial wetland in the Dominican RepublicDeploying nature-based solutionsOne of the star interventions in the watershed are artificial wetlands, treatment systems that use natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial diversity to improve water quality. Plan Yaque is the NGO behind the development and implementation of these low-tech, low-maintenance systems, which have proved to be a transformative solution for rural communities. They have so far built 34 of them. The wastewater from the septic tanks at homes and schools is channeled to the constructed wetland, where microorganisms, aquatic plants, and sunlight remove more than 90 per cent of the pollutants, before the water is released into the river. Water pollution is, alongside flow reduction, one of the two main issues jeopardizing water security in the basin.“The nature-based system works wonderfully and does not need inputs or maintenance, beyond removing the sewage sludge every three months, which communities do themselves” says founder and executive director of Plan Yaque Humberto Checo, one of the leading figures in the watershed restoration and management movement in the country. Working in micro-watershedsFor Checo, from Plan Yaque, a key to their success is focusing each intervention in selected territories drained by streams, or micro-watersheds, 52 tesserae that collectively make up the river Yaque basin. The NGO conducted a diagnosis of the 19 micro-watersheds in the upper basin and prioritized those with both high-water production and imminent threat from the expansion of the agricultural frontier, which leads to deforestation and the loss of the natural systems that maintain an adequate water flow. Then, they identified key farms or producer associations and set out to demonstrate why shifting from slash-and-burn agriculture to self-sustaining forestry and agroforestry systems was in their best interest.Changing mindsets “Changing mindsets to transform land management one family at a time is the most important part of the whole strategy, and our most important learning,” says Checo.Short cycle crops like corn, sweet potatoes, and yuca mean that farmers must toil incessantly into their old age to make a living, he says, whereas planting macadamia nut trees, orchards, and even coffee ensures a good source of future income with minimal effort while regenerating the soil and protecting water catchment areas. Land use planning across the farm is part of the approach.Parched, denuded hills of the farmers who continued with business as usual 15 years ago now stand next to the stunningly verdant slopes of those who opted to shift to more sustainable agricultural practices, reviving the landscape and building economic security for present and future generations along the way. These type of efforts largely account for the rise of the Dominican Republic as a global land restoration hotspot.“Sustainability lies in this newly gained awareness of the need to care, together, for the natural systems that sustain us,” says Estévez of the Water Fund. This is what we ultimately strive for.”Bringing what works to scalePlan Yaque has also pioneered a payment for ecosystem services scheme (PES) with support from hydropower and water providers, and the country recently passed its first law on PES. The next challenge, says Checo, is bringing this and other internationally lauded, science-based initiatives to micro-watersheds across the country.“After decades of experience in watershed restoration and protection, we have evidence on what works,” says Checo. “With the right policies and investments, we could bring this expertise to scale while supporting the next generation of landscape professionals.”  

Dominican Republic: restoring land to secure clean water for millions