Flooding

This method is highly effective while costs can range from low to high depending on the source of the water and engineering involved.

Maintenance can be low and longevity long, although some use of this method may involve seasonal flooding which requires regular maintenance and operations.

Co-benefits can be significant by providing habitat for diverse ecologies, fish and birds (including migratory birds).

Establishment of the method can be easy to hard, depending on source and cost of water and engineering involved.

Can be combined with other measures.

Can use non-potable (recycled) water or saline water where land flooded has a high natural salt content.

Excessive flooding can increase water erosion, damage or kill vegetation and increase wind erosion when flooded areas dry out (e.g., following seasonal flooding).

Can have positive impact on surrounding environment.