The primer describes the relevant actors, frameworks, and tools that can be used to support Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) initiatives by strengthening urban-rural linkages and making them more resilient. Key actors include national and state governments, sub-national and local authorities, the private sector, academic institutions and civil society who help shape the structure and operation of URL. Multilevel governance frameworks, integrated territorial and flow-centred approaches, and human rights-based and gender-responsive strategies are recognised to be effective in engaging diverse URL actors and enhancing LDN efforts in a variety of contexts.