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Guiding through steps to take when high certainty data are required, depending on whether there are few, some, or extensive data available.

For some LDN interventions, the change in SOC will be closely linked with a change in land productivity and/or land cover, so SOC stock change can be estimated using the indicators for land productivity and land cover. However, for SLM technologies and approaches that do not change land cover or productivity markedly, monitoring SOC will be a high priority. Decision tree 4 can assist to define where tracking and monitoring of SOC is necessary for verifying LDN achievements.

Assistsing in selecting a suitable approach to soil sampling fit for the challenge at hand. If financial and human resources are not a constraint, it is recommended to establish a national SOC monitoring network.

Shaping an enabling environment for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) calls for integrated land use planning, inclusive and environmentally sound land access and governance, major reconfigurations of current institutional settings, financial backing, and ongoing dialogue between policy-makers, practitioners, and the scientific community.

The achievement of land degradation neutrality (LDN) can lead to multiple environmental, social and economic benefits, but only through the establishment of an enabling environment.

Optimizing land-based interventions for multiple benefits requires the capacity to do the right thing, in the right place, at the right time, at the right scale. Organic carbon is central to healthy productive soils and the mitigation and adaptation to climate change, but it is not easy to manage without effective measurement.